Selected References:  

• Alhussien A, et al. 2018. Safety of intranasal corticosteroid sprays during pregnancy: and updated Review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 275(2):325-333.
• Bakhireva LN, et al. 2005. Asthma medication use in pregnancy and fetal growth. Allergy Clin Immunol 116(3):503-509. 
• Bay Bjørn AM, et al. 2014. Use of corticosteroids in early pregnancy is not associated with risk of oral clefts and other congenital malformations in offspring. Am J Ther; 21(2):73-80. 
• Bay Bjørn AM, et al. 2015. Use of Inhaled and Oral Corticosteroids in Pregnancy and the Risk of Malformations or Miscarriage. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 116: 308-314. 
• Bérard A, et al. 2016. Intranasal triamcinolone use during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 136(1):97-104. 
• Blais L, et al. 2007. Use of inhaled corticosteroids during the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations among women with asthma. Thorax 62:320-328. 
• Blais L, et al. 2009. High doses of inhaled corticosteroids during the first trimester of pregnancy and congenital malformations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 124(6):1229-1234. 
• Charlton RA, et al. 2015. Safety of fluticasone propionate prescribed for asthma during pregnancy: A UK population-based cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 3(5):772-9.e3. 
• Cossette B, et al. 2013. Impact of maternal use of asthma-controller therapy on perinatal outcomes. Thorax 68(8):724-30. 
• Ellsworth A. 1994. Pharmacotherapy of asthma while breastfeeding. J Hum Lact 10:39-41. 
• Fält A, et al. 2007. Exposure of infants to budesonide through breast milk of asthmatic mothers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 120(4):798-802.  
• Gade EJ, et al. 2022. Challenges in the successful management of asthma during conception, pregnancy and delivery. Breathe 18:220013. 
• Greenberger PA, Patterson R. 1983. Beclomethasone dipropionate for severe asthma during pregnancy. Ann Internal Med 98:478-480. 
• Källén B, et al. 1999. Congenital malformations after the use of inhaled budesonide in early pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 93(3):392-395.  
• Lee, S, et al. 2024. Impact of Asthma Medications During Pregnancy on Asthma Exacerbation, Maternal, and Neonatal Outcomes. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice, 12(6), 1549–1557.e3.  
• Lim AS, et al. 2011. Management of asthma in pregnant women by general practitioners: A cross sectional survey BMC Family Practice 12:121  
• Namazy J, et al. 2004. Use of inhaled steroids by pregnant asthmatic women does not reduce intrauterine growth. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113(3):427-432.  
• Norjavaara E and Gerhardsson de Verdier MG. 2003. Normal pregnancy outcomes in a population-based study including 2968 pregnant women exposed to budesonide. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111(4):736-742.  
• Rocklin RE. 2011. Asthma, asthma medications and their effects on maternal/fetal outcomes during pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 32 (2011) 189–197  
• Schatz M, et al. 2004. The relationship of asthma medication use to perinatal outcomes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113(6):1040-1045. 
• Steinberg JA. 2015. Perception versus reality: the saga of inhaled asthma controller medication and fetal risk. J Allergy Clin Immunol 135(1):131-2.
• Wei, J, et al. 2023. The risk of congenital heart defects associated with corticosteroids use during the first trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 79(1), 1–11.  

Selected References:

• Birnie GG, et al. 1981. Incidence of sulphasalazine-induced male infertility. Gut 22:452-455.
• Bokstrom H, et al. 2006. Fetal hemolytic anemia associated with maternal sulfasalazine therapy during pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85:118-121.
• Connell W, Miller A. 1999. Treating inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy: Risks and safety of drug therapy. Drug Saf 21:311-323.
• Chatzionaff M, et al. 1988. Sulfasalazine-induced abnormal sperm penetration assay reversed on changing to 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas. Dig Dis Sci 33:108-110.
• Hernandez-Diaz S, et al. 2000. Folic acid antagonists during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med 343:1608-1614.
• Hoo JJ, et al. 1988. Possible teratogenicity of sulfasalazine. New Engl J Med 318:112.
• Jarnerot G, et al. 1981. Albumin reserve for binding of bilirubin in maternal and cord serum under treatment with sulphasalazine. Scand J Gastroenterol 16:1049-1055.
• Klarsov P, et al. 2013. Short-acting sulfonamides near term and neonatal jaundice. Obstet Gynecol 122:105-110.
• Levi AJ, Fisher AM. 1979. Male infertility due to sulphasalazine. Lancet 2:276-278.
• Levi S, et al. 1988. Reversible congenital neutropenia associated with maternal sulphasalazine therapy (letter). Euro J Pediatr 48:174-175.
• Mogadam M, et al. 1981. Pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease: effect of sulfasalazine and corticosteroids on fetal outcome. Gastroenterology 80:72-76.
• Moody GA, et al. 1997. The effects of chronic ill health and treatment with sulphasalazine on fertility amongst men and women with inflammatory bowel disease in Leicestershire. Int J Colorectal Dis 12:220-224
• Newman NM, Correy JF. 1983. Possible teratogenicity of sulphasalazine. Med J Aust 1:528-1529.
• Nielsen OH, et al. 1983. Pregnancy in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 18(6):735-742.
• Norgard B, et al. 2001. Population-based case control study of the safety of sulfasalazine use during pregnancy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 15:483-486.
• Norgard B, et al. 2003. Risk of congenital abnormalities in children born to women with ulcerative colitis: a population-based, case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol 98:2006-2010.
• Norgard B, et al. 2007. Therapeutic drug use in women with Crohns disease and birth outcomes: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol 102(7):1406-1413.
• Toovey S, et al. 1981. Sulphasalazine and male infertility: Reversibility and possible mechanism. Gut 22:445-451.
• Toth A. 1979. Male infertility due to sulphasalazine. Lancet 2:904.
• Toth A. 1979. Reversible toxic effect of salicylazosulfapyridine on semen quality. Fertil Steril 1:538-540.
• Viktil KK, et al. 2012. Outcomes after anti-rheumatic drug use before and during pregnancy: a cohort study among 150,000 pregnant women and expectant fathers. Scand J Rheumatol. 41(3):196-201.

Selected references.  

• Deleuran M, et al. 2024. Systemic anti-inflammatory treatment of atopic dermatitis during conception, pregnancy and breastfeeding: Interdisciplinary expert consensus in Northern Europe. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 38:31-41.
• Product Information. 2021. ADBRY(TM) subcutaneous injection, tralokinumab-ldrm subcutaneous injection. LEO Pharma Inc. 
• Stratigakis A, et al. 2023. A regression approach for assessing large molecular drug concentration in breast milk. Reprod Breed;3:199-207.  

Selected References:

• Allan-Blitz L.T, Klausner J.D. 2023. Current Evidence Demonstrates That Monkeypox Is a Sexually Transmitted Infection. Sex Transm Dis. 1;50(2):63-65.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Preventing Mpox. Accessed September 2024 https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/prevention/index.html.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Safer Sex. Accessed September 2024 https://www.cdc.gov/mpox/prevention/safer-sex-social-gatherings-and-mpox.html.
• García-Hernández L, et al. 2024. Case report: clinical presentation of Mpox in pregnancy. Rev Clin Esp (Barc). (4):245-247.
• Jamieson DJ, et al. 2004. The role of the obstetrician–gynecologist in emerging infectious diseases: mpox and pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology 103(4):754-756.
• Khalil A, et al. 2022. Mpox and pregnancy: what do obstetricians need to know? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol; 60(1):22-27.
• Kisalu NK and Mokili JL. 2017. Toward understanding the outcomes of mpox infection in human pregnancy. J Infectious Diseases 216(7):795–797.
• Mbala PK, et al. 2017. Maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women with human mpox infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo. J Infectious Diseases 216(7):824-828.
• Nishiura H. 2009. Maternal outcomes in pregnancy with smallpox: epidemiologic investigations of case fatality, miscarriage and premature birth based on previous outbreaks. In: Canfield RN, ed. Infectious Pregnancy Complications. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.; 2009:407-420.
• Ogoina D, et al. 2020. Clinical course and outcome of human mpox in Nigeria. Clin Infect Dis. 71:e210–e214.
• Rao AK, et al. 2023. Interim Clinical Treatment Considerations for Severe Manifestations of Mpox — United States, February 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 72:232–243.
• Sampson MM, et al. 2023. Mpox (Mpox) Infection During Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1;141(5):1007-1010.
• Schwartz DA. 2024. High Rates of Miscarriage and Stillbirth among Pregnant Women with Clade I Mpox (Mpox) Are Confirmed during 2023-2024 DR Congo Outbreak in South Kivu Province. Viruses. 13;16(7):1123.
• World Health Organization. 2022. WHO recommends new name for Monkeypox disease. Accessed September 2024 https://www.who.int/news/item/28-11-2022-who-recommends-new-name-for-monkeypox-disease.

Selected References:

• Allan KM, et al. 2015. Maternal vitamin D and E intakes during pregnancy are associated with asthma in children. Eur Respir J. 2015 Apr;45(4):1027-1036.
• Ashraf M, et al. 2020. Changes in vitamin E levels as a marker of female infertility. J Pak Med Assoc 70(10): 1762-1766.
• Beers MH, et al. 1999. Merck Manual Diagnosis & Therapy, 17th ed., 2833.
• Boskovic R, et al. 2005. Pregnancy outcome following high doses of vitamin E supplementation. Reprod Toxicol 20:85-88.
• Gilboa SM, et al. 2014. National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Maternal intake of vitamin E and birth defects, national birth defects prevention study, 1997 to 2005. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 100(9):647-657.
• Gross SJ, Gabriel E. 1985. Vitamin E status in preterm infants fed human milk or infant formula. J Pediatr 106:635-639.
• Gyorgy P, et al. 1952. Availability of vitamin E in the newborn infant. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 81:536-538.
• Hook EB, et al. 1074. Vitamin E, Teratogen or anti-teratogen? Lancet 1:809.
• Kanno C, et al. 1989. Transfer of orally administered alpha-tocopherol into human milk. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 35:649-653.
• Martinez Fe, et al. 1984. Evaluation of plasma tocopherols in relation to hematological indices of Brazilian infants on human milk and cow’s milk regime from birth to 1 year of age. Am J Clin Nutr 39:969-974.
• Maslova E, et al. 2014. 2014. Maternal intake of vitamins A, E and K in pregnancy and child allergic disease: a longitudinal study from the Danish National Birth Cohort. British J Nutr 111: 1096-1108.
• Mino M, Nishino H. 1973. Fetal and maternal relationship in serum vitamin E level. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 19:475-482.
• National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. 2021. Vitamin E: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. Available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-HealthProfessional/. Accessed 3 July 2024.
• Scholl TO, et al. 2006. Vitamin E: maternal concentrations are associated with fetal growth. Am J Clin Nutr 84(6):1442-1448.
• Smedts HP, et al. 2009. High maternal vitamin E intake by diet or supplements is associated with congenital heart defects in the offspring. BJOG. 116(3):416-423.
• Ruder EH, et al. 2014. Female dietary antioxidant intake and time to pregnancy among couples treated for unexplained infertility. Fertil Steril 101(3): 759-766.
• Wu H, et al. 2018. Does vitamin E prevent asthma or wheeze in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Respir Rev. 27:60-68.
• XI Y, et al. 2022. Vitamin E concentration in breast milk in different periods of lactation: meta-analysis. Front Nutr 9: 1050011.