Selected References: 

• Atmar RL, et al. 1992. Complications of measles during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis; 14(1):217-26.  
• American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). 2024. Red Book: 2024–2027 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Measles. pp 571 – 585. 
• AAP. 2026. Red Book Online Outbreaks: Measles. Available at: https://publications.aap.org/redbook/resources/pdfDownload/15187. Accessed March 2026. 
• Bloch AB, et al. 1985. Measles outbreak in a pediatric practice: airborne transmission in an office setting. Pediatrics; 75(4):676-83. 
• Casalegno JS, et al. 2014. Measles in pregnancy in Lyon France, 2011. Int J Gynaecol Obstet; 126(3):248-51. 
• Chen, W, et al. 2004. No evidence for links between autism, MMR, and measles virus. Psychol Med 34:543-553. 
• Chiba ME, et al. 2003. Measles infection in pregnancy. J Infect; 47(1):40-4.  
• Congera P, et al. 202. Measles in pregnant women: A systematic review of clinical outcomes and a meta-analysis of antibodies seroprevalence. J Infect; 80(2):152-160. 
• Crecelius EM, Burnett MW. 2020. Measles (Rubeola): An Update. J Spec Oper Med; 20(2):136-138. 
• Eberhart-Phillips JE, et al. 1993. Measles in pregnancy: a descriptive study of 58 cases. Obstet Gynecol; 82(5):797-801. 
• Khalil A, et al. 2024. Pregnant women and measles: we need to be vigilant during outbreaks. EClinicalMedicine; 72:102594. 
• Liang Q, et al. 2016. The influence of maternal exposure history to virus and medicine during pregnancy on congenital heart defects of fetus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int; 24(6):5628-5632.  
• Garg RK, et al. 2023. Obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE): a systematic review of case reports and case series. Neurol Sci; 44(6):1959-1968.  
• Jesperson CS, et al. 1977. Measles as a cause of fetal defects: a retrospective study of ten measles epidemics in Greenland. Acta Paediatr Scand; 66:367-78.  
• Moss WJ. 2017. Measles. Lancet. 390(10111):2490-2502. 
• Ogbuanu IU, et al. 2014. Maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes associated with measles during pregnancy: Namibia, 2009-2010. Clin Infect Dis; 58(8):1086-92.   
• Rosa C. 1998. Rubella and rubeola. Semin Perinatol; 22(4):318-22.   
• Siegel M, Fuerst HT. 1966. Low birth weight and maternal virus diseases. A prospective study of rubella, measles, mumps, chickenpox, and hepatitis. JAMA; 197(9):680-4.  
• Signore C. 2001. Rubeola. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns; 8(4):138-140. 
• Stein SJ, Greenspoon JS. 1991. Rubeola during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol; 78(5 Pt 2):925-9.  
• Stoneman EK. 2025. Measles. JAMA; doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.14210.  
• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC) 2019. Measles (Rubeola). https://www.cdc.gov/measles/. Accessed March 2026. 
• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2021. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Chapter 13: Measles. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-13-measles.html. Accessed March 2026. 
• Vega JS, et al, CDC. 2014. Notes from the field: measles transmission at a domestic terminal gate in an international airport – United States, January 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep; 63(50):1211.  

Selected References:

• Anderson KN, et al. 2020. ADHD medication use during pregnancy and risk for selected birth defects: national birth defects prevention study, 1998-2011. J Atten Disord, 24(3):479-489. 
• Bang Madsen K., et al. 2025. In utero exposure to methylphenidate, amphetamines and atomoxetine and offspring neurodevelopmental disorders – a population-based cohort study and meta-analysis. Molecular psychiatry, 30(9), 3885–3894. 
• Benassayag Kaduri N, et al. 2024. Amphetamine use for attention deficit hyperactive disorder during breastfeeding and children’s neurodevelopmental outcomes: A pilot study. Psychiatry research, 339, 116047.  
• Cohen JM, et al. 2017. Placental complications associated with psychostimulant use in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 130(6):1192-1201. 
• Golub M, et al. 2005. NTP CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of amphetamine and methamphetamine. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol, 74(6):471-584. 
• Hasan SA, et al., 2026. Prescription Stimulant Continuation in Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes. Journal of attention disorders, 30(3), 315–328. 
• Huybrechts KF, et al. 2018. Association between methylphenidate and amphetamine use in pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations: a cohort study from the international pregnancy safety study consortium. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(2):167-175. 
• Ilett KF, et al. 2007. Transfer of dexamphetamine into breast milk during treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 63(3):371-375. 
• Naeye RL, 1983. Maternal use of dextroamphetamine and growth of the fetus. Pharmacology, 26(2):117-120. 
• Newport DJ, et al. 2016. Prenatal psychostimulant and antidepressant exposure and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Clin Psychiatry. 77(11):1538-45.  
• Norby U et al. 2017. Perinatal outcomes after treatment with ADHD medication during pregnancy. Pediatrics 140(6).  
• Ornoy A, 2018. Pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy and lactation. Pharm Res, 35:46 
• Öhman I, et al. 2015. Narcolepsy treated with racemic amphetamine during pregnancy and breastfeeding. J Hum Lact 31:374-6. 
• Pham MN, et al. 2022. The adverse association between stimulant use for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and semen parameters. Andrologia, 54(2), e14315. 
• Poulton AS et al. 2018. Perinatal outcomes of women diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An Australian population-based cohort study. CNS Drugs 32(4):377-386. 
• Rastegar-Pouyani N., et al. 2025. Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine and Its Association With Birth Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Birth defects research, 117(7), e2488 
• Rose SJ, et al., 2020. Amphetamine–dextroamphetamine and pregnancy: neonatal outcomes after prenatal prescription mixed amphetamine exposure. Journal of Attention Disorders, 25(9):1295-1301. 
• Russell DJ, et al. 2024. Investigating maternal and neonatal health outcomes associated with continuing or ceasing dexamphetamine treatment for women with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Womens Ment Health; 27(5):785-794.  
• Srinivas C, et al. 2025. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use in pregnancy and risk of miscarriage. The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science, 1–7.  
• Srinivas, C, et al. 2025. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 10.1111/ppe.70031. 
• Suarez EA, et al. 2024. Prescription Stimulant Use During Pregnancy and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children. JAMA psychiatry, 81(5), 477–488. 
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2017. Vyvanse ® (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate). [Accessed 3/2026]. from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf.  

Selected References:

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2025. About RSV. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/about/index.html. Accessed 4 March 2026. 
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. RSV Vaccine Guidance for Pregnant Women. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/hcp/vaccine-clinical-guidance/pregnant-people.html. Accessed 4 March 2026. 
• DeSilva M. 2025. Prenatal RSVpreF Vaccine Safety 2023–2024 Respiratory Season: The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Presented at: Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP); June 25, 2025; Atlanta, Georgia. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/acip/downloads/slides-2025-06-25-26/04a-DeSilva-Mat-Peds-RSV-508.pdf. Accessed 4 March 2026.  
• Fleming-Dutra KE, et al. 2023. Use of the Pfizer respiratory syncytial virus vaccine during pregnancy for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract disease in infants: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices—United States, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep; 72(41):1115-1122. 
• Kampmann B, et al. 2023. Bivalent prefusion F vaccine in pregnancy to prevent RSV illness in infants. N Engl J Med; 388:1451-146. 
• Marchand GJ, et al. 2024. RSVpreF vaccination in pregnancy: a meta-analysis of maternal-fetal safety and infant efficacy. Obstet Gynecol Sci 67(6): 511-524. 
• Michnick AI, et al. 2026. Interim safety of RSVpreF vaccination during pregnancy. JAMA. 335(5):456–459. 
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2023 (Revised 2025). AbrysvoTM Prescribing Information. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/168889/download. Accessed 4 March 2026. 
• Son M, et al. 2024. Nonadjuvanted bivalent respiratory syncytial virus vaccination and perinatal outcomes. JAMA Netw Open; 7(7):e2419268.  

Selected References:

• Anderson PO. 2021. Monoclonal antibodies during breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med; 16(8):591-593.  
• Jang W, et al. 2025. Use of biologics to treat asthma during pregnancy and adverse events in pregnant women and newborns: A global pharmacovigilance analysis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol; 186(9):875-888. 
• Kasuya A, et al. 2019. Successful control of severe eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in pregnancy and perinatal period: A use of mepolizumab. The Journal of Dermatology; 46(9):e309-e311. 
• Marques Simões J, et al. 2026. Safety and Efficacy of Mepolizumab during Pregnancy and Postpartum. Acta Med Port; 39(3):239-240.  
• Nucala® Prescribing Information. Revised 1/2022. Available online at: https://gskpro.com/content/dam/global/hcpportal/en_US/Prescribing_Information/Nucala/pdf/NUCALA-PI-PIL-IFU-COMBINED.PDF.  
• Ramos CL, Namazy J. 2023. Monoclonal antibodies (biologics) for allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis during pregnancy and lactation. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am; 43(1):187-197.  
• Shakuntulla F, Chiarella SE. 2022. Safety of biologics for atopic diseases during pregnancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract; 10(12):3149-3155. 
• Sitek AN, et al. 2023. Risks and safety of biologics: A practical guide for allergists. World Allergy Organ J; 16(1):100737. 
• Smith DA, et al. 2011. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody. Clin Pharmacokinet; 50(4):215-227.  
• Vittorakis SK, et al. 2022. Successful and safe treatment of severe steroid depended eosinophilic asthma with mepolizumab in a woman during pregnancy. Respir Med Case Rep; 28;41:101785. 

Selected References:

• Brown S, Mozurkewich E. 2013. Trauma during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am, 40(1):47-57. 
• Cahill AG, et al. 2008. Minor trauma in pregnancy–is the evaluation unwarranted? Am J Obstet Gynecol, 198(2):208.e1-5.  Colantonio A, Mar W, Escobar M, Yoshida K, Velikonja
• D, Rizoli S, Cusimano M, Cullen N. 2010. Women’s health outcomes after traumatic brain injury. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 19(6):1109-16.  
• Dalton SE, et al. 2023. Major trauma in pregnancy: prediction of maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM, 5(9):101069. 
• Dina EK. 2004. Trauma during pregnancy: An analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes in a large population, Am J Obstet and Gynecol, 190, 1661-1668. 
• Dorairaj J, et al. 2012. Delayed presentation of intraperitoneal bladder rupture following domestic violence in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 38(4):753-6.  
• Fabricant SP, et al.  2021. Trauma in pregnancy and severe adverse perinatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 34(18):3070-3074. 
• Hattori S, et al. 2021.Factors Influencing Pregnant Women’s Injuries and Fetal Loss Due to Motor Vehicle Collisions: A National Crash Data-Based Study. Healthcare (Basel). 9(3):273. 
• Hauff NJ, et al. 2017. Cumulative trauma and partner conflict predict post-traumatic stress disorder in postpartum African American women. J Clin Nurs, 26(15-16):2372-2383.  
• Huls CK, et al. 2018. Trauma in pregnancy. Semin Perinatol, 42:13-20.  
• Kallen B, et al.1995. Automobile accidents during pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol, 9:591,  
• Leroy-Malherbe V, Bonnier C, Papiernik E, Groos E, Landrieu P. 2006. The association between developmental handicaps and traumatic brain injury during pregnancy: an issue that deserves more systematic evaluation. Brain Inj, 20(13-14):1355–65.  
• Lipson AH. 1990. Trauma and intrauterine amputation/constriction rings/syndactyly. Human/animal model correlation. Teratology, 42:330.  
• Luley T, et al. 2013. Perinatal implications of motor vehicle accident trauma during pregnancy: identifying populations at risk. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 208(6): 466.e1-5. 
• Muench MV, et al. 2004. Kleihauer-betke testing is important in all cases of maternal trauma. J Trauma; 57(5):1094-8. 
• Murphy NJ, Quinlan JD, 2014. Trauma in pregnancy: assessment, management, and prevention. Am Fam Physician, 15;90(10):717-22. 
• Munter DW, Faleski EJ. 1989. Blunt scrotal trauma: emergency department evaluation and management. Am J Emerg Med, 7:227-34. 
• Nelson DB, et al. 2003. Violence does not influence early pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril. 80:1205–1211. 
• Safdari, M., Safdari, Z., & Pishjoo, M. 2018. Intrauterine Fetal Traumatic Brain Injury Following Motor Vehicle Accident; A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Bulletin of emergency and trauma, 6(4), 372–375.  
• Normann A., et al. 2020. Intimate Partner Violence and Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review. BMJ Open, 10(10):e034153.  
• Sakamoto J, et al. 2019. Trauma in pregnancy. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America 37(2):317-338.  
• Shah PS, Shah J. 2010. Knowledge Synthesis Group on Determinants of Preterm/LBW Births. Maternal exposure to domestic violence and pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analyses. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 19(11):2017-31.  
• Smith KA, Bryce S. 2013. Trauma in the pregnant patient: an evidence-based approach to management. Emerg Med Pract, 15(4):1-18. 
• Tinker SC, et al. 2011. Maternal injuries during the periconceptional period and the risk of birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2005. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 25(5):487-96. 
• van der Knoop BJ, et al. 2015. Effect of (minor or major) maternal trauma on fetal motility: A prospective study. Early Hum Dev, 91: 511-517. 
• van der Knoop BJ, et al. 2017. Trauma in pregnancy, obstetrical outcome in a tertiary centre in the Netherlands. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 11: 1-11. 
• Vaajala, M., et al. 2023. Previous traumatic brain injury is associated with an increased odds for gestational diabetes: a nationwide register-based cohort study in finland. Acta Diabetol, 60(10), 1399–1404. 
• Yu H, et al. 2018. Association of intimate partner violence during pregnancy, prenatal depression, and adverse birth outcomes in Wuhan, China. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 18(1):469.