Selected References:  

• Cahill JB, et al. 2005. Levofloxacin secretion in breast milk: a case report. Pharmacotherapy, 25(1):116–118.  
• Giamarellou H, et al. 1989. Pharmacokinetics of three newer quinolones in pregnant and lactating women. The American journal of medicine, 87(5A):49S–51S. 
• Gürpinar AN, et al. 1997. The effects of a fluoroquinolone on the growth and development of infants. The Journal of international medical research, 25(5):302–306. 
• Meaney-Delman D, et al. 2013. Prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax in pregnant women. Obstetrics and gynecology, 122(4):885–900. 
• Padberg S, et al. 2014. Observational cohort study of pregnancy outcome after first-trimester exposure to fluoroquinolones. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 58(8):4392–4398. 
• Shang J, et al. 2025. An Observational Study on the Pharmacokinetics of Levofloxacin in Lactating Atypical Pneumonia Patients. Breastfeed Med; 20(9):666-671.  
• Toker SE, et al. 2021. Determination of levofloxacin by HPLC with fluorescence detection in human breast milk. Bioanalysis, 13(13):1063–1070. 
• van den Oever HL, et al. 1998. Ciprofloxacin in preterm neonates: case report and review of the literature. European journal of pediatrics; 157(10):843–845. 

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• Hammami MM, et al. 1996. Radioiodine breast uptake in nonbreastfeeding women: clinical and scintigraphic characteristics. J Nucl Med, 37:26-31.
• Hyer S, et al. 2002. Testicular dose and fertility in men following I(131) therapy for thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 56:755-758.
• 2008. Radiation dose to patients from radiopharmaceuticals – Addendum 3 to ICRP Publication 53. ICRP Publication 106. Ann ICRP, 38(1-2):1-197.
• Iijima S, 2021. Effects of fetal involvement of inadvertent radioactive iodine therapy for the treatment of thyroid diseases during an unsuspected pregnancy. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 259:54-58.
• Ko KY, et al. 2016. Pregnancy outcome after I-131 therapy for patients with thyroid cancer: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore), 95(5):e2685.
• LeideSvegborn S, et al. 2016. Excretion of radionuclides in human breast milk after nuclear medicine examinations. Biokinetic and dosimetric data and recommendations on breastfeeding interruption. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 43:808-821.
• Masiuk S, et al. 2022. Assessment of internal exposure to 131I and short-lived radio iodine isotopes and associated uncertainties in the Ukrainian cohort of persons exposed in utero. Journal of Radiation Research, 63(3):364–375.
• Mattsson S, et al. 2021. X-ray and molecular imaging during pregnancy and breastfeeding when should we be worried? Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 195(3–4):339-346.
• Motavalli LR, et al. 2016. Fetal and maternal dose assessment for diagnostic scans during pregnancy. Phys Med Biol, 61(9):3596-3608.
• Radacic-Aumiler M, et al. 2016. No adverse effects after radioiodine treatment at 3 weeks of pregnancy. Clin Nucl Med, 41(12):964-965.
• Read CH Jr, et al. 2004. A 36-year retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of radioactive iodine in treating young Graves’ patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89:4229-4233.
• Schlumberger M, et al. 1996. Exposure to radioactive Iodine-131 for scintigraphy or therapy does not preclude pregnancy in thyroid cancer patients. J Nucl Med, 37:606–612.
• Sioka C, 2011. Fotopoulos A. Effect of I-131 therapy on gonads and pregnancy outcome in patients with thyroid cancer. Fertil Steril, 95(5):1552-1559.
• Tatham LM, et al. 2002. Population exposures to I-131 releases from Hanford Nuclear Reservation and preterm birth, infant mortality, and fetal deaths. Int J Hyg Environ Health, 205:41-28.
• Zhang L, et al. 202. The effect of I-131 therapy on pregnancy outcomes after thyroidectomy in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Endocrine, 73:301-307.

Selected References:  

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• Archer DF, et al. 2019. Elagolix suppresses ovulation in a dose-dependent manner: results from a 3-month, randomized study in ovulatory women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105(3): 821-832.  

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• Al-Aqeedi RF, et al. 2008. Drug-eluting stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy with use of glycoprotein IIb/IIa inhibitor, aspirin, and clopidogrel. J Invasive Cardiol. 20(5):e146-e149. 
• Arimura T, et al. 2009. Acute myocardial infarction associated with pregnancy successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Intern Med. 48(16):1383-1386. 
• Babic Z, et al. 2011. Successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the first trimester of pregnancy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 77(4):522-555. 
• Balmain S, et al. 2007. Acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy successfully treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Int J Cardiol. 116(3):e85-e87.  
• Bauer MEB, et al. 2012. Peripartum management of dual antiplatelet therapy and neuraxial labor analgesia after bare metal stent insertion for acute myocardial infarction. Anesth Analg. 115(3):613-615. 
• Boztosun B, et al. 2008. Treatment of acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy with coronary artery ballon angioplasty and stenting: use of tirofiban and clopidogrel. It J Cardiol. 127(3):413-416. 
• De Santis M, et al. 2011. Clopidogrel treatment during pregnancy: a case report and a review of literature. Intern Med. 50(16):1769-1773. 
• Geveart S, Schaubroeck H. 2021. Original data on pregnancy and ACS. Int J Cardiol Congenit Heart Dis. 5, (Supp 1). 
• Klinzing P, et al. 2001. Case report: successful pregnancy and delivery after myocardial infarction and essential thrombocytopenia treated with clopidogrel. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 28(4):215-216. 
• Llinares Tello F, et al. 2007. [ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome during pregnancy: a case report and review of therapeutic options] (Article in Spanish). Med Intensiva. 31(1):29-35. 
• Martin M, et al. 2003. [Acute myocardial infarction during pregnancy. Treatment with clopidogrel] (Article in Spanish). Med Clin (Barc). 121(7):278-279. 
• Myers GR, et al. 2011. Clopidogrel use throughout pregnancy in a patient with a drug-eluting coronary stent. Obstet Gynecol. (2 Pt 2):432-433. 
• Nana M, et al. 2021. Antiplatelet therapy in pregnancy: A systematic review. Pharmacol Res. 168:105547.  
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• Narouze S, et al. 2018. Interventional spine and pain procedures in patients on antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications: guidelines from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy, the American Academy of Pain Medicine, the International Neuromodulation Society, the North American Neuromodulation Society, and the World Institute of Pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 43(3):225–262. 
• O’Shanahan N, et al. 2006. [Acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation during pregnancy].(Article in Spanish). Med Intensiva. 30(4):180-182.  
• Reilly CR, et al. 2014. Successful gestation and delivery using clopidogrel for secondary stroke prophylaxis: a case report and literature review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 290(3):591-594. 
• Santiago-Diaz P, et al. 2009. [Platelet antiaggregants in pregnancy] (Article in Spanish). Rev Esp Cardiol. 62(10):1197-1198. 
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• Van Neste M, et al. 2025. Clopidogrel transfer into human milk: case series – a contribution from the ConcePTION project. Front Pharmacol. 16:1499243.  

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• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2020. Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 217. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 135(3):e80-e97. 
• Baklouti S. et al. 2025. Population pharmacokinetic modelling of amoxicillin in human breast milk-a contribution from the ConcePTION project. Br J Clin Pharmacol, doi: 10.1002. Epub ahead of print. 
• Benyamini L, et al. 2005. The safety of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefuroxime during lactation. Ther Drug Monit; 27:499-502.  
• Berkovitch M, et al. 2004. First-trimester exposure to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: a prospective controlled study. Br J Clin Pharmacol; 58:298-302. 
• Boissiere-O’Neill T, et al. 2025. Exposure to systemic antimicrobials during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage: a population-based registry study. BJOG; doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.18155. Epub ahead of print.  
• Campbell AC, et al. 1991. The excretion of amoxicillin in breastmilk and its effect on the suckling infant. Br J Clin Pharmacol; 31:230. 
• Czeizel AE, et al. 2001. Augmentin treatment during pregnancy and the prevalence of congenital abnormalities: a population-based case-control teratologic study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol; 97:188-192.  
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• Grantham J, et al. 2002. Association between co-amoxiclav used antenatally with necrotising enterocolitis in the neonate. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 187:S90.  
• Jepsen P, et al. 2003. A population-based study of maternal use of amoxicillin and pregnancy outcome in Denmark. Br J Clin Pharmacol; 55:216-221.  
• Kafetzis D, et al. 1981. Passage of cephalosporins and amoxicillin into the breast milk. Acta Paediatr Scand; 70:285-288. 
• Kenyon SL, et al. 2001. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet; 357:979-988.  
• Kenyon SL, et al. 2001. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for spontaneous preterm labour: the ORACLE II randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet; 357:989-994. 
• Kenyon S, et al. 2002. ORACLE–antibiotics for preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes: short-term and long-term outcomes. Acta Paediatr Suppl; 437:12-15. 
• Kenyon S, et al. 2008. Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labour: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE II trial. Lancet; 372 (9646):1319-1327.  
• Kenyon S, et al. 2013. Preterm Labour, Antibiotics and Cerebral Palsy. Scientific Impact Paper No.33, Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecologists. 
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• educational outcomes at 11 years of age following antenatal prescription of erythromycin or co-amoxiclav. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed; 102(2):F131-F135.  
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