Selected References:

• Accessdata.fda.gov. (2009). Highlights of Prescribing Information – Risperidone. Retrieved from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/020272s056,020588s044,021346s033,021444s03lbl.pdf.
• Coppola D, et al. 2007. Evaluating the postmarketing experience of risperidone use during pregnancy: pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Drug Saf; 30(3):247-64.

• Damkier P and Videbech P. 2018. The Safety of Second-Generation Antipsychotics During Pregnancy: A Clinically Focused Review. CNS Drugs 32:351-366.
• Eberhard J., et al. 2007. Prolactin level during 5 years of risperidone treatment in patients with psychotic disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 115(4), 268-276.
• Ennis ZN and Damkier P. 2014. Pregnancy Exposure to Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone, Aripiprazole and Risk of Congenital Malformation. A Systemic Review. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 116:315-320.
• Elstein Y, et al. 2004. Pregnancies in Gaucher disease: a 5 -year study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 190:435-441.
• Habermann F, et al. 2013. Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs and Pregnancy Outcome: A Prospective, Cohort Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 33:453-62.
• Huybrechts KF, et al. 2016. Antipsychotic Use in Pregnancy and the Risk for Congenital Malformations. JAMA Psychiatry 73(9): 938-946.

• McAllister-Williams RH, et al. 2017. British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus guidance on the use of psychotropic medication preconception, in pregnancy and postpartum 2017. J Psychopharmacol; 31(5): 519-552.

• Park Y, et al. 2018. Continuation of Atypical Antipsychotic Medication During Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes. Am J Psychiatry 175(6):564-574.
• Petersen I, et al. 2016. Risks and Benefits of Psychotropic Medication in Pregnancy: Cohort Studies based on UK Electronic Primary Care Health Records. Health Technol Assess 20:1-176
• Straub L, et al. 2022. Association of antipsychotic drug exposure in pregnancy with risk of neurodevelopmental disorders: a national birth cohort study. JAMA Intern Med 182(5):522-533.
• Uguz F. 2016. Second-Generation Antipsychotics During the Lactation Period. J Clin Psychopharmacol 36(3):244-252.
• Uguz F. 2019. Adverse events in a breastfed infant exposed to risperidone and haloperidol. Breastfeed Med.;14:683–4.
• Vigod SN, et al. 2015. Antipsychotic Drug Use In Pregnancy: High Dimensional, Propensity Matched, Population Based Cohort Study. BMJ 350:h2298.

Selected References:

• Berle JO, et al. 2004. Breastfeeding during maternal antidepressant treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors: infant exposure, clinical symptoms, and cytochrome P450 genotypes. J Clin Psychiatry 65:1228-34. PMID: 15367050
• Briggs G, et al. 2022. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation: Wolters Kluwer; 12th edition: 950-951
• Brunel P, et al. 1994. [Follow-up of 151 pregnant women exposed to antidepressant treatment (MAOI excluded) during organogenesis.] Therapie 49:117-122.
• Eggermont E. 1973. Withdrawal symptoms in neonate associated with maternal imipramine therapy. Lancet 2:680.
• Misri S & Sivertz K. 1991. Tricyclic drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a preliminary report. Int J Psychiatry Med 21(2):157-71.
• Grzeskowiak, LE, et al. 2022. Perinatal antidepressant use and breastfeeding outcomes: Findings from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 101(30): 344-54.
• Mitchell JE and Popkin MK: Antidepressant drug therapy and sexual dysfunction in men: a review. J Clin Psychopharm 3:76-79, 1983.
• Nulman I, et al. 1997. Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to antidepressant drugs. N Engl J Med 336:258-62.
• Overo KF, et al. 1997. Interaction of perphenazine with the kinetics of nortriptyline. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol; 40:97-105.
• Schoretsanitis S, et al. 2020. The impact of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of antidepressants: a systematic critical review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol; 16(5):431-440.
• Semet, M., et al. 2017. The impact of drugs on male fertility: a review. Andrology 5(4): 640-663.
• Shearer WT, et al. 1972. Urinary retention in a neonate secondary to maternal ingestion of nortriptyline. J Pediatr 81:570-2.
• US Preventive Services Task Force, Curry SJ, et al. 2019. Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 321(6):580-587.
• Wall-Wieler, E, et al. 2020. Antidepressant use around conception, prepregnancy depression, and risk of ectopic pregnancy. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry,65(12):845-53.
• Webster PA. 1973. Withdrawal symptoms in neonates associated with maternal antidepressant therapy. Lancet 2(7824):318-9.
• Weissman AM, et al. 2004. Pooled analysis of antidepressant levels in lactating mothers, breast milk, and nursing infants. Am J Psychiatry 161:1066-78.
• Wisner KL, et al. 2002. Postpartum depression. N Engl J Med. 347:194-9.
• Xing, D, et al. 2020. Maternal use of antidepressants during pregnancy and risks for adverse perinatal outcomes: a meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 137:110231.

Selected References:

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2020. Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 217. Obstetrics & Gynecology 135(3):p e80-e97.
• Benyamini L, et al. 2005. The safety of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefuroxime during lactation. Ther Drug Monit 27:499-502.
• Berkovitch M, et al. 2004. First-trimester exposure to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid: a prospective controlled study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 58:298-302.
• Campbell AC, et al. 1991. The excretion of amoxicillin in breastmilk and its effect on the suckling infant. Br J Clin Pharmacol 31:230p.
• Czeizel AE, et al. 2001. Augmentin treatment during pregnancy and the prevalence of congenital abnormalities: a population-based case-control teratologic study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 97:188-92.
• Daniel S, et.al. 2019. The safety of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid use in the first trimester of pregnancy. Br J Clin Pharmacol 85:2856-63.
• Grantham J, et al. 2002. Association between co-amoxiclav used antenatally with necrotising enterocolitis in the neonate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187:S90.
• Jepsen P, et al. 2003. A population-based study of maternal use of amoxicillin and pregnancy outcome in Denmark. Br J Clin Pharmacol 55:216-221.
• Kafetzis D, et al. 1981. Passage of cephalosporins and amoxicillin into the breast milk. Acta Paediatr Scand 70:285-8.
• Kenyon SL, et al. 2001. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet 357:979-88.
• Kenyon SL, et al. 2001. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Broad-spectrum antibiotics for spontaneous preterm labour: the ORACLE II randomised trial. ORACLE Collaborative Group. Lancet 357:989-94.
• Kenyon S, et al. 2002. ORACLE–antibiotics for preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes: short-term and long-term outcomes. Acta Paediatr Suppl 437:12-15.
• Kenyon S, et al. 2008. Childhood outcomes after prescription of antibiotics to pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labour: 7-year follow-up of the ORACLE II trial. Lancet 372 (9646):1319-27.
• Kenyon S, et al. 2013. Preterm Labour, Antibiotics and Cerebral Palsy. Scientific Impact Paper No.33, Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecologists.
• Lin KJ, et al. 2012. Maternal exposure to amoxicillin and the risk of oral clefts. Epidemiology 23(5):699-705.
• Marlow N, et al. 2017. The ORACLE Children Study: educational outcomes at 11 years of age following antenatal prescription of erythromycin or co-amoxiclav. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 102(2):F131-F135.
• Meeraus WH, et al. 2015. Association between antibiotic prescribing in pregnancy and cerebral palsy or epilepsy in children born at term: A cohort study using the health improvement network. PLoS ONE 10(3):e0122034.
• Mercer BM, et al. 1997. Antibiotic therapy for reduction of infant morbidity after preterm premature rupture of the membranes. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 278:989-995.
• Merkel TA, et al. 2014. Predicting disease severity of necrotizing enterocolitis: how to identify infants for future novel therapies. J Clin Neonatol 3(1):1-9.
• Padberg, S. 2015. Anti-infective Agents. In C Schaefer, P Peters, R Miller (Eds.), Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Treatment Options and Risk Assessment. Pg 116. London: Elsevier.
• Puho EH, et al. 2007. Drug treatment during pregnancy and isolated orofacial clefts in Hungary. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 44:194-202.

Selected References:

• ACOG Committee Opinion No 804. 2020. Physical Activity and Exercise During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Obstet Gynecol; Obstet Gynecol; 135(4):e178-188.
• 2022. Exercise During Pregnancy. Frequently asked questions. Available at: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/exercise-during-pregnancy [Accessed 3/2024].
• Artal R. 2016. Exercise in Pregnancy: Guidelines. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology; 59(3):639-644.
• Barakat R & Perales M. 2016. Resistance Exercise in Pregnancy and Outcome. Clin Obstet Gynecol; 59 (3):591-9.
• Claiborne, A, et al. 2023. A narrative review of exercise dose during pregnancy. Birth Defects Research, 115(17), 1581–1597
• Clapp III J, et al. 1999. Neonatal behavioral profile of the offspring of women who continued to exercise regularly throughout pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 180(1):91-94.
• Clapp III J, et al. 2002. Continuing regular exercise during pregnancy: Effect of exercise volume on fetoplacental growth. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 186(1):142-147.
• Cordero Y, et al. 2015. Exercise is associated with a reduction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Med Sci Sports Exerc; 47: 1328 – 33.
• Fly AD, et al. 1998. Major mineral concentrations in human milk do not change after maximal exercise testing. Am J Clin Nutr; 68:345-9.
• Kennelly M, et al. 2002. Exercise-related changes in umbilical and uterine artery waveforms as assessed by Doppler ultrasound scans. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 187(1):661-666.
• Kennelly M, et al. 2002. Fetal heart rate response to strenuous maternal exercise: not a predictor of fetal distress. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 187(3):811-816.
• Kołomańska-Bogucka D, Mazur-Bialy AI. 2019. Physical Activity and the Occurrence of Postnatal Depression-A Systematic Review. Medicina (Kaunas); 55(9):560.
• Lederman S, et al. 1999. Maternal body fat and water during pregnancy: Do they raise infant birth weight? Am J Obstet Gynecol; 180(1):235-240.
• Gascoigne EL, et al. 2023. Physical activity and pregnancy outcomes: an expert review. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM; 5(1):100758.
• Gavard J & Artal R. 2008. Effect of Exercise on Pregnancy Outcome. Clin Obstet Gynecol; 51(2):467-480.
• Gregg VH & Ferguson JE. 2017. Exercise in Pregnancy. Clin Sports Med Oct;36(4):741-752.
• Greydanus DE & Patel DR. 2002. The female athlete: before and beyond puberty. Pediatr Clin North Am 49(3):553-580.
• Madsen M, et al. 2007. Leisure time physical exercise during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG; 114(11):1419-1426.
• Minguez-Alarcon L, et al. 2014. Physical activity is not related to semen quality in young healthy men. Fertil Steril 102: 1103-1109.
• Mottola M, et al. 2018. No. 367-2019. Canadian Guideline for Physical Activity throughout Pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can; 40(11):1528-1537.
• Mussawar M, et al. 2012. The effect of physical activity on fertility: a mini-review. F S Rep; 4(2):150-158.
• Price BB, et al. 2012. Exercise in pregnancy: effect on fitness and obstetric outcomes-a randomized trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc; 44:2263 –2269.
• Sanabria-Martínez G, et al. 2019. Effects of physical exercise during pregnancy on mothers’ and neonates’ health: a protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews and metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open; 9:e030162.
• Sobal J & Marquart LF. 1994. Vitamin/mineral supplement use among athletes: a review of literature. Int J Sport Nutr 4(4):320-334.
• Stafne SN, Salvesen et al. 2012. Regular exercise during pregnancy to prevent gestational diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 119(1):29-36.
• Tomic V, et al. 2013. The effect of maternal exercise during pregnancy on abnormal fetal growth. Croat Med J. 54(4):362-8.
• Zourtadani A, et al. 2015. The effect of physical exercise on postpartum fitness hormone and lipid levels: a randomized controlled trial in primiparous, lactating women. Arch Gynecol Obstet 291(3): 525-530.

Selected References:

• Ambresin G, et al. 2004. Olanzapine excretion into breast milk: a case report. J Clin Psychopharmacol; 24(1):93-5.
• Aydin B, et al. 2015. Olanzapine and quetiapine use during breastfeeding: Excretion into breast milk and safe breastfeeding strategy. J Clin Psychopharmacol; 35:206-8.
• Betcher HK, et. al 2020. Psychotropic Treatment During Pregnancy: Research Synthesis and Clinical Care Principles. J Womens Health 29(3):310-318.
• Brunner E, et al. 2013. Olanzapine in pregnancy and breastfeeding: a review of data from global safety surveillance. BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology, 14, 1-8.
• Croke S, et al. 2003. Olanzapine excretion in human breast milk: estimation of infant exposure. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol; 5:243-7.
• Damkier P, et al. 2018. The safety of second-generation antipsychotics during pregnancy: a clinically-focused review. CNS Drugs 32:351-366.
• Einarson A & Boskovic R. 2009. Use and safety of antipsychotics during pregnancy. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 15, 183-192.
• Ellfolk M, et al. 2021. Second-generation antipsychotic use during pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2021; 77(11): 1737–1745.
• Ennis ZN, et al. 2014. Pregnancy exposure to Olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, aripiprazole and risk of congenital malformations: A systemic review. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. 116(4), 315-20.
• Friedman SH, et al. 2017. Atypical antipsychotic use and outcomes in an urban maternal mental health service. Int J Psychiatry Med 51(6): 521-533.
• Gilad O, et al. 2011. Outcome of infants exposed to olanzapine during breastfeeding. Breastfeeding Medicine, 6, 55-58. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2010.0027.
• Habermann F, et al. 2013. Atypical antipsychotic drugs and pregnancy outcome: a prospective, cohort study. J Clin Psychopharmacol.33(4):453-62.
• Heinonen E, et al. 2022. Antipsychotic Use During Pregnancy and Risk for Gestational Diabetes: A National Register‑Based Cohort Study in Sweden. CNS Drugs. 36:529-539.
• Huybrechts KF, et al. 2016. Antipsychotic use in pregnancy and the risk for congenital malformations. JAMA Psychiatr; 73(9):938-946.
• Johnson KC et al. 2012. Prenatal antipsychotic exposure and neuromotor performance during infancy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 69(8):787-94.
• Kallen B, et al. 2013. The use of central nervous system active drugs during pregnancy. Pharmaceuticals. 6(10): 1221-1286.
• Kolli P, et al. 2023. Olanzapine Pharmacokinetics: A Clinical Review of Current Insights and Remaining Questions. Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 16:1097-1108.
• Manouilenko I, et al. 2018. Long-acting olanzapine injection during pregnancy and breastfeeding: a case report. Arch Womens Ment Health; 21(5):587-589
• McKenna K, et al. 2005. Pregnancy outcome of women using atypical antipsychotic drugs: a prospective comparative study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 4, 444-449.
• Miller DE, Sebastian CS. 2005. Olanzapine-induced hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea reversed with addition of bromocriptine: a case report. J Clin Psychiat; 66:269-270.
• Newport DJ, et al 2007. Atypical antipsychotic administration during late pregnancy: placental passage and obstetrical outcomes
• Pacchiarotti I, et al. 2016. Mood stabilizers and antipsychotics during breastfeeding: Focus on bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol; 26:1562-78.
• Park Y, et al. 2018. Continuation of atypical antipsychotic medication during early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes. Psychiatry 175(6):564-574.
• Reutfors J, et al. 2020 Antipsychotic drug use in pregnancy: A multinational study from 10 countries. Schizophr Res 220:106-115
• Rubakowski J, et al. 2019. Recommendations of the Poliksh Psychiatric Association regarding the treatment of affective disorders in women of childbearing age. Part II: Bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Pol 53(2):263-276
• Shao P, et al. 2015. Effects of Clozapine and other Atypical Antipsychotics on Infants Development Who Were Exposed to as Fetus: A Post-Hoc Analysis. PLoS One; 10(4).
• Teodorescu A, et al. 2017. Dilemma of treating schizophrenia during pregnancy: a case series and a review of literature. BMC Psychiatry 17(1):311.
• Vigod SN, et al. 2015. Antipsychotic drug use in pregnancy: high dimensional, propensity matched, population based cohort study. BMJ; 350:h2298.
• ZYPREXA (olanzapine) Label – accessdata.fda.gov. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/020592s062021086s040021253s048lbl.pdf