Antiviral Medications to Treat/Prevent Influenza (the Flu)

Selected References:

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  • Fodor E, et al. 2023. An Observational Study on the Pharmacokinetics of Oseltamivir in Lactating Influenza Patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther doi:10.1002/cpt.3107.
  • Graner S, et al. 2017. Neuraminidase inhibitors during pregnancy and risk of adverse neonatal outcomes and congenital malformations: population based European register study. BMJ, 356:j629.
  • Greer LG, et al. 2010. Maternal and neonatal outcomes after antepartum treatment of influenza with antiviral medications. Obstet Gynecol, 115(4):711-716.
  • Greer LG, et al. 2011. Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in breast milk and maternal plasma. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 204: 524.e1-4.
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  • Lian J, et al. 2022. Neonatal outcomes after neuraminidase inhibitor use during pregnancy: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 88(3):911-918.
  • Mancilla-Galindo J, et al. 2021. All-cause mortality among patients treated with repurposed antivirals and antibiotics for COVID-19 in Mexico City: A real-world observational study. EXCLI J. 20:199-222.
  • Saito S, et al. 2013. Outcomes of infants exposed to oseltamivir or zanamivir in utero during pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 209 (2): 130.e1-9.
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  • Van Bennekom CM, Kerr SM, Mitchell AA. 2019. Oseltamivir exposure in pregnancy and the risk of specific birth defects. Birth Defects Res, 111(19):1479-1486.
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  • Wollenhaupt M, et al. 2014. The safety of oseltamivir in pregnancy: an updated review of post-marketing data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 23(10):1035-1042.
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Antiviral Medications to Treat/Prevent Influenza (the Flu)

Selected References:

  • Abdi N, et al. 2020. The effect of aspirin on preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm delivery among healthy pregnancies with a history of preeclampsia. J Chin Med Assoc 83(9):852-857.
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  • Bloor M, Paech M. 2013. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the initiation of lactation. Anesth Analg 116(5):1063-75.
  • Datta P, et al. 2017. Transfer of low dose aspirin into human milk. J Hum Lact 33(2):296-299.
  • Ellfolk M, Hultzsch S. 2015. Analgesics, antiphlogistics and anesthetics. In C Schaefer, P Peters, R Miller (Eds.), Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Treatment Options and Risk Assessment. 3rd ed. 653-655. London: Elsevier.
  • Grab D, et al. 2000. Effects of low-dose aspirin on uterine and fetal blood flow during pregnancy: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 15:19-27.
  • Hoffman MK, et al. 2024. Neurodevelopment of children whose mothers were randomized to low-dose aspirin during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1:1-8.
  • Kupka E, et al. 2023. Low-dose aspirin use in pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth: a Swedish register-based cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 228(3):336e1-336e9.
  • LeFevre ML, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. 2014. Low-dose aspirin use for the prevention of morbidity and mortality from preeclampsia: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 161(11):819-26.
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  • Malm H, Borish C. 2015. Analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), muscle relaxants, and antigout medications. In C Schaefer, P Peters, R Miller (Eds.), Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Treatment Options and Risk Assessment, 3rd ed. 27-32. London: Elsevier.
  • Marret, S. et. al. 2010. Prenatal Low-Dose Aspirin and Neurobehavioral Outcomes of Children Born Very Preterm. Pediatrics 125(1):e29-e34.
  • Martini A, et al. 2003. Analysis of semen from patients chronically treated with low or moderate doses of aspirin-like drugs. Fertil and Steril 80(1):221-222.
  • Mone F, McAuliffe FM. 2015. Preconception low-dose aspirin and pregnancy outcomes: results from the EAGeR randomized trial. Ir Med J. Jan;08(1):5.
  • Naimi A, et al. 2021. The Effect of Preconception-Initiated Low-Dose Aspirin on Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Detected Pregnancy, Pregnancy Loss, and Live Birth. Annals of Internal Medicine May;174(5):595-601.
  • Ostensen M, et al. 2006. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther 8(3):1-19.
  • Schisterman EF, et al. 2015. Preconception low dose aspirin and time to pregnancy: findings from the effects of aspirin in gestation and reproduction randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab May; 100(5):1785-91.
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Antiviral Medications to Treat/Prevent Influenza (the Flu)

Selected References:

  • Alothman R, et al. 2023. Leflunomide exposure through second trimester of pregnancy: A case report. Birth Defects Res 1;115(16):1566-1569.
  • Arava Prescribing Information. 2021. Available online at http://products.sanofi.us/arava/arava.html https://products.sanofi.us/arava/arava.pdf [accessed Dec 2015February 2024].
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  • Brent RL. 2001. Teratogen update: Reproductive risks of leflunomide (Arava); A pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor: Counseling women taking leflunomide before or during pregnancy and men taking leflunomide who are contemplating fathering a child. Teratology, 63:106-112.
  • Briggs G, et al. 2015. Leflunomide. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation, A reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk, 10th edition (pp 781—784). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
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  • Chakravarty EF, et al. 2003. The use of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs in women with rheumatoid arthritis of childbearing age: a survey of practice patterns and pregnancy outcomes. J Rheumatol, 30:241-246.
  • Chambers CD, et al. 2010. Birth outcomes in pregnant women taking leflunomide. Arthritis Rheu, 62(5):1494-1503.
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Antiviral Medications to Treat/Prevent Influenza (the Flu)

Selected References

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  • Belichón I, et al. 2022. Implementation of Recommendations for the Management of Psoriasis During Preconception, Pregnancy, Postpartum, Breastfeeding, and Perinatal Care. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 113(7):666-673.
  • Beltagy A, et al. 2021. Biologics During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Among Women with Rheumatic Diseases: Safety Clinical Evidence on the Road. Front Pharmacol. 12:621247.
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  • Clowse ME, et al. 2018. Pregnancy Outcomes after Exposure to Certolizumab Pegol: Updated Results from a Pharmacovigilance Safety Database. Arthritis Rheumatol., 70(9):1399-1407.
  • Clowse MEB, et al. 2017. Minimal to no transfer of certolizumab pegol into breast milk: results from CRADLE, a prospective, postmarketing, multicentre, pharmacokinetic study. Ann Rheum Dis, 76:1890–1896.
  • Clowse M, et al. 2022. Pharmacovigilance pregnancy data in a large population of patients with chronic inflammatory disease exposed to certolizumab pegol. Ther Adv Musculoskelet. 14:1759720X221087650.
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  • Khan N, et al. 2014. Safety of anti-TNF therapy in inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy. Expert Opin Drug Saf, 13 (12):1699-708.
  • Lambiase S, et al. 2022. Certolizumab pegol in pregnant and breastfeeding psoriatic patients. Ital J Dermatol Venerol. 157:383-34
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  • Mahadevan U, et al. 2012. PIANO: A 1000 patient prospective registry of pregnancy outcomes in women with IBD exposed to immunomodulators and biologic therapy. Gastroenterology, 142(Suppl 1):S149. Abstract 865.
  • Mahadevan U, et al. 2017. Drug Safety and Risk of Adverse Outcomes for Pregnant Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology, 152(2):451-462.e452.
  • Mahadevan U, et al. 2021. Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes After Fetal Exposure to Biologics and Thiopurines Among Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology, 160 (4):1131-1139.
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  • Prieto-Peña D, et al. 2021. Efficacy and safety of certolizumabpegol in pregnant women with uveitis. Recommendations on the management with immunosuppressive and biologic therapies in uveitis during pregnancy. Clin Exp Rheumatol, 39:105–14.
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