Selected references:

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2017. Reaffirmed October 2021. Committee Opinion No. 711: Opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 130:e81-e94.
• Beauchamp GA, et al. 2019. Exposures through breast milk: an analysis of exposure and information calls to U.S. Poison Centers, 2001-2017. Breastfeed Med, 14(7):508-512.
• Brogly SB, et al. 2021. Prenatal opioid analgesics and the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Epidemiology 32(3):448-456.
• Broussard CS, et al. 2011. Maternal treatment with opioid analgesics and risk for birth defects. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 204:314.e1-11.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2023. About Opioid Use During Pregnancy https://www.cdc.gov/opioid-use-during-pregnancy/about/index.html [Accessed 10/2023]
• Choe C, Koren G. 2015. Sedating drugs and breastfeeding. Canadian Family Physician, 61:241-243.
• Esposito DB, et al. 2022. Characteristics of prescription opioid analgesics in pregnancy and risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome in newborns. JAMA Netw Open, 5(8):e2228588.
• Hendrickson RG, McKeown NJ. 2012. Is maternal opioid use hazardous to breast-fed infants? Clinical Toxicology, 50:1-14.
• Ito S. 2018. Opioids in breast milk: pharmacokinetic principles and clinical implications. J Clin Pharmacol, 58 Suppl 10:S151-S163.
• Kelty E, et al. 2023. Neonatal outcomes associated with in utero exposure to oxycodone, overall and by trimester of exposure: a retrospective cohort study. J Pain, 24(4):617-626.
• Kokki M, et al. 2012. Intravenous oxycodone for pain relief in the first stage of labour-maternal pharmacokinetics and neonatal exposure. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 111:182-188.
• Lam J, et al. 2012. Central nervous system depression of neonates breastfed by mothers receiving oxycodone for postpartum analgesia. Journal of Pediatrics, 160:33-37.
• Lam J, et al. 2013. Putative association of ABCB1 2677G>T/A with oxycodone-induced central nervous system depression in breastfeeding mothers. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 35:466-472.
• Lind JN, et al. 2017. Maternal use of opioids during pregnancy and congenital malformations: a systemic review. Pediatrics 139(6):1-25.
• Timm NL, et al. 2013. Maternal use of oxycodone resulting in opioid intoxication in her breastfed neonate. Journal of Pediatrics, 162:421-422.
• Wen X, et al. 2021. Association of gestational opioid exposure and risk of major and minor congenital malformations. JAMA Netw Open, 4(4):e215708.
• Yefet E, et al. 2017. Fixed time interval compared with on-demand oral analgesia protocols for post-caesarean pain: a randomised controlled trial. Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 124:1063-1070.
• Zipursky JS, et al. 2023. Maternal opioid treatment after delivery and risk of adverse infant outcomes: population based cohort study. BMJ, 380:e074005.

Selected References:

• Akhavan A & Bershad S. 2003. Topical acne drugs: review of clinical properties, systemic exposure, and safety. Am J Clin Dermatol 4(7): 473-492.
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), Skin Conditions During Pregnancy, 2022, https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/pregnancy/skin-conditions-during-pregnancy
• Andersen FA. 1998, Final report on the safety assessment of glycolic acid, ammonium, calcium, potassium, and sodium glycolates, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl glycolates, and lactic acid, ammonium, calcium, potassium, sodium, and TEA-lactates, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, and butyl lactates, and lauryl, myristyl, and cetyl lactates. Int J Toxicol. 17(Suppl 1):1–241.
• Chien AL, et al. 2016. Treatment of Acne in Pregnancy. JABFM 29(2):254-262.
• Collier EK, et al. 2021. Pregnancy and breastfeeding in hidradenitis suppurativa: A review of medication safety. Dermatologic Therapy. 34(1):e14674.
• Fiume MZ. 1998. Final report on the safety assessment of glycolic acid, ammonium, calcium, potassium, and sodium glycolates, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl glycolates, and lactic acid, ammonium, calcium, potassium, sodium, and tea-lactates, and lauryl, myristyl, and cetyl lactates. Int J Toxicol 17(Suppl):1-241. Graupe K. et al. 1996. Efficacy and safety of topical azelaic acid (20 percent cream): An overview of results from European clinical trials and experimental reports. Cutis. 57:20–35.
• Kong YL and Tey HL 2013. Treatment of Acne Vulgaris during pregnancy and lactation. Drugs 73(8):779-787.
• Ly S, et al. 2023. Treatment of acne vulgaris during pregnancy and lactation: a narrative review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). Jan;13(1):115-130.
• Meredith FM and Ormerod AD. 2013. The management of acne vulgaris in pregnancy. Am J Clin Dermatol. 14(5):351-358.
• Murase JE,et al. 2014. Safety of dermatologic medications in pregnancy and lactation: Part I. Pregnancy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 70(3):401.e1-14.
• Nacht S, et al. 1981. Benzoyl peroxide percutaneous penetration and metabolic disposition. J Am Acad Dermatol 4:31-37.
• Panchaud A. et al. 2012. Pregnancy outcome following exposure to topical retinoids: A multicenter prospective study. J Clin Pharmacol 52(12):1844–1851
• Song S, et al. 2003. Combined repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicities of benzoyl peroxide. J Toxicol Public Health 19(2):123-131.
• Tyler KH, and Zirwas MJ. 2013. Pregnancy and dermatologic therapy. JAAD 68(4):663-671.
• S. Food & Drug Administration. 2023. CFR – Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm
• Yeung D, et al. 1983. Benzoyl peroxide: percutaneous penetration and metabolic disposition. II. Effect of concentration. J Am Acad Dermatol 9(6):920-924.
• Williams AL, et al. 2020. Teratogen update: topical use and third‐generation retinoids. Birth Defects Research 112(15):1105-1114.
• Wilmer E, et al. 2016. Drug Safety: Pregnancy rating classifications and controversies. Clinics in Dermatology 34(3):401-409.

     Selected References:

• Citrome L. 2012. Vilazodone for major depressive disorder: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved antidepressant – what is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed? Int J Clin Pract, 66(4):356-368.
• Dodd S, et al. 2011. A consensus statement for safety monitoring guidelines of treatments for major depressive disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 45(9):712-725.
• Morrison CM. 2014. A case report of the use of vilazodone in pregnancy. The primary care companion to CNS disorders, 16(2).
• Product Information: VIIBRYD(R) oral tablets, vilazodone HCl oral tablets. 2023. Allergan USA Inc (per FDA), Madison, NJ. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2021/022567s022lbl.pdf
• Viibryd (vilazodone hydrochloride) Tablets Drug Approval Package. 2011. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2011/022567Orig1s000TOC.cfm

Selected References

• American Psychological Association. 2013. Stress and eating. [accessed 7/2023]. Available from URL https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2013/eating.
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• Carmichael SL, et al. 2007. Maternal stressful life events and risks of birth defects. Epidemiology 2007;18:356-61.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coping with a Traumatic Event: Information for the Public. [Accessed 2/2024 ]. Available from URL: https://emergency.cdc.gov/coping/index.asp.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Traumatic Incident Stress: Information for Emergency Response Workers. [Accessed 2/2024]. Available from URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/traumaticincident/default.html#:~:text=Strong%20emotions%20are%20ordinary%20reactions,Anxiety.
• Clemens T, Dibben C. 2017. Living in stressful neighbourhoods during pregnancy: an observational study of crime rates and birth outcomes. Eur J Public Health. 27(2):197-202.
• Delagneau G, et al. 2023. Association between prenatal maternal anxiety and/or stress and offspring’s cognitive functioning: A meta-analysis. Child dev. 94(3):779-801.
• Dhaurali S, et al. 2023. Investigating Maternal Stress, Depression, and Breastfeeding: A Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (2016-2019) Analysis. Healthcare (Basel). 11(12):1691.
• Hansen D, et al. 2000. Serious life events and congenital malformations: A national study with complete follow-up. Lancet 356:875-80.
• Kallas KA, et al. 2023. Maternal Mental Health Care Matters: The Impact of Prenatal Depressive and Anxious Symptoms on Child Emotional and Behavioural Trajectories in the French EDEN Cohort. J Clin Med 12(3):1120.
• Lobel M, et al. 2000. The impact of prenatal maternal stress and optimistic disposition on birth outcomes in medically high-risk women. Health Psychol 19:544-553.
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• Madigan S, et al. 2018. A Meta-Analysis of Maternal Prenatal Depression and Anxiety on Child Socioemotional Development. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 57(9): 645–657.e8.
• Manzari N, et al. 2019. Prenatal maternal stress and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 54(11): 1299–1309.
• McAnarney ER and Stevens-Simon C. 1990. Maternal psychological stress/depression and low birth weight. Is there a relationship? Am J Dis Child 144:789-792.
• McGrady AV. 1984. Effects of psychological stress on male reproduction: a review. Arch Androl 1984;13:1-7.
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• Nordkap L, et al. 2016. Psychological stress and testicular function: a cross-sectional study of 1,215 Danish men. Fertil Steril. 105(1):174-187.
• Nourizadeh R, et al. 2023. The Effect of Psychological Interventions on the Anxiety and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Iran J Public Health. 52(5):937-949.
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Selected References:

• Alwan S, et al. 2010. Maternal use of bupropion and risk of congenital heart defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 203(1):52.e1-6.
• Anderson KN, et al 2020. Maternal use of specific antidepressants during early pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects. JAMA Psychiatry; doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2453.
• Baab S, et al. 2002. Serum bupropion levels in 2 breastfeeding mother-infant pairs. J Clin Psych 63:910-911.
• Chaudron LH, et al 2004. Bupropion and breastfeeding: a case of possible infant seizure. J Clin Psych; 65:881-882.
• Chun Fai-Chan B, et al. 2005. Pregnancy outcome of women exposed to bupropion during pregnancy: a prospective comparative study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 192(3):932-936.
• Cole A, et al. 2007. Bupriopion in pregnancy and the prevalence of congenital malformations. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 10.1002/pds.1296.
• Einarson T and Einarson A. 2005. Newer Antidepressants in pregnancy and rates of major malformations: a meta-analysis of prospective comparative studies. Pharmacoepi Drug Saf 14:823-827.
• Einarson A, et al. 2009. Incidence of major malformations in infants following antidepressant exposure in pregnancy: results of a large prospective cohort study. Can J Psychiatry;54(4):242-246.
• Figueroa R. 2010. Use of antidepressants during pregnancy and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring. J Dev Behav Pediatr 31(8):641.
• Haas J, et al. 2004. Bupropion in breast milk: an exposure assessment for potential treatment to prevent post-partum tobacco use. Tob Control 13:52-56.
• Halbreich U, et al. 1991. Menstrual irregularities associated with bupropion treatment. J Clin Psych 52:15-16.
• Huybrechts KF, et al. 2014. Antidepressant use in pregnancy and risk of cardiac defects. NEJM; 370:2397-2407.
• Källén B. 2004. Neonate characteristics after maternal use of antidepressants in late pregnancy. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 158(4):312-3016.
• Kalra S, et al. 2005. Motherisk Update: Taking depressants during late pregnancy. Can Fam Physician 51:1077-1078.
• Louik C, et al. 2014. First-trimester exposure to bupropion and risk of cardiac malformations. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf; 23(10):1066-75.
• Marks C, et al. 2021. Comparing newborn outcomes after prenatal exposure to individual antidepressants: A retrospective cohort study. Pharmacotherapy. 41(11):907-914.
• Nanovskaya TN, et al. 2017. Bupropion sustained release for pregnant smokers: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 216(4):420.e1-.e9.
• Neuman G, et al. 2014. Bupropion and Escitalopram During Lactation. Ann Pharmaco.48(7):928-31.
• Nonacs R, et al. 2005. Bupropion SR for the treatment of postpartum depression: a pilot study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 8(3):445-9.
• Tharp MA, et al. 2022. Does lack of exposure to individual antidepressants at different points during pregnancy associate with reduced risk of adverse newborn outcomes? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 9;22(1):926.
• The Bupropion Pregnancy Registry. Final report. 1 September 1997 through 31 March 2008. Issued August, 2008. Kendle International, Inc., Wilmington, North Carolina.