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Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

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COVID-19 Vaccines

Selected References:

  • American Academy of Pediatrics. 2021. Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Available at URL: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/Breastfeeding-During-COVID-19.aspx
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. 2020. ABM Statement: Considerations for COVID-19 vaccination in lactation. Available at URL: https://abm.memberclicks.net/abm-statement-considerations-for-covid-19-vaccination-in-lactation
  • Allotey J, et al. 2020. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 370:m3320.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2021. COVID-19 vaccination considerations for obstetric-gynecologic care. Available at URL: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2020/12/covid-19-vaccination-considerations-for-obstetric-gynecologic-care
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine. 20021. Patient management and clinical recommendations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Available at URL: https://www.asrm.org/news-and-publications/covid-19/statements/patient-management-and-clinical-recommendations-during-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic
  • Avraham S, et al. 2022. COVID-19 vaccination and fertility treatment outcomes. Fertility and Sterility 117(6):1291-1299.
  • Baird JK, et al. 2021. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies detected in human breast milk post-vaccination. Pre-print online March 10, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.02.23.21252328.
  • Beharier O, et al. 2021. Efficient maternal to neonatal transfer of SARS-CoV-2 and BNT162b2 antibodies. J Clin Invest 131(13):e150319.
  • Bentov Y, et al. 2021. Ovarian follicular function is not altered by SARS-CoV-2 infection or BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccination. Human Reproduction 36(9):2506–2513.
  • Bertrand K, et al. 2021. Maternal and child outcomes reported by breastfeeding women following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Breastfeeding Medicine 2021:16(9).
  • Blakeway H, et al. 2022. COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: coverage and safety. Am J Obstet Gynecol 226(2): e1-236.e14.
  • Bookstein Peretz S, et al. 2021. Short-term outcome of pregnant women vaccinated by BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 58(3):450-456.
  • Carlsen EØ, et al. 2022. Association of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in infants. JAMA Intern Med. Published online June 1, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.2442
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2022. Interim clinical considerations for use of COVID-19 vaccines currently approved or authorized in the United States: Considerations involving pregnancy, lactation, and fertility. Available at URL: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/covid-19-vaccines-us.html#pregnant
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. Vaccination safety for breastfeeding mothers. Available at URL: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/vaccinations-medications-drugs/vaccinations.html
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 Vaccine Task Force. 2021. Updates from the v-safe COVID-19 vaccine pregnancy registry. Available at URL: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2021-09-22/09-COVID-Olson-508.pdf
  • Esteve-Palau E, et al. 2021. Quantification of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk of lactating women vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine. JAMA Netw Open 4(8):e2120575.
  • Fell DB, et al. 2022. Association of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy with adverse peripartum outcomes. JAMA 327(15):1478–1487.
  • Friedman MR, et al. 2021. BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine elicits a rapid and synchronized antibody response in blood and milk of breastfeeding women. Pre-print online March 8, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.06.21252603.
  • Gonzalez D, et al. Sperm parameters before and after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. JAMA 2021;326(3):273–274.
  • Gray KJ, et al. 2021. COVID-19 vaccine response in pregnant and lactating women: a cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol Mar 24:S0002-9378(21)00187-3.
  • Golan Y, et al. 2021. Evaluation of messenger RNA from COVID-19 BTN162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines in human milk. JAMA Pediatr 175(10):1069-1071.
  • Goldshtein I, et al. 2022. Association of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with neonatal and early infant outcomes. JAMA Pediatr 176(5):470-477.
  • Halasa NB, et al. 2022. Effectiveness of maternal vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy against COVID-19–associated hospitalization in infants aged <6 months — 17 states, July 2021–January 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:264–270.
  • Kachikis A, et al. Short-term reactions among pregnant and lactating individuals in the first wave of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. JAMA Netw Open 4(8):e2121310.
  • Kharbanda EO, et al. 2021. Spontaneous abortion following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. JAMA 326(16):1629-1631.
  • Lipkind HS, et al. 2022. Receipt of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and preterm or small-for-gestational-age at birth — Eight integrated health care organizations, United States, December 15, 2020–July 22, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:26–30.
  • Low JM, et al. 2021. Codominant IgG and IgA expression with minimal vaccine mRNA in milk of BNT162b2 vaccines. npj Vaccines 202;6:105.
  • Magnus MC, et al. 2022. Association of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes. JAMA 327(15):1469-1477.
  • McLaurin-Jiang S, et al. 2021. Maternal and child symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination among breastfeeding mothers. Breastfeeding Medicine 2021:16(9).
  • Mithal LB, et al. 2021. Cord blood antibodies following maternal COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 225(2):192-194.
  • Morgan JA, et al. 2022. Maternal outcomes after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in vaccinated compared with unvaccinated pregnant patients. Obstet Gynecol 139:107-109.
  • Morris RS. 2021. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein seropositivity from vaccination or infection does not cause sterility. F&S Reports 2(3):253-255.
  • Orvieto et al. 2021. Does mRNA SARS-C0_v-2 vaccine influence patients’ performance during IVF-ET cycle? Reprod Biol Endocrinol 19:69.
  • Otero S, et al. 2022. Maternal antibody response and transplacental transfer following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in pregnancy. Pre-print online March 20, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.17.22272574.
  • Perez SE, et al. 2022. Human milk SARS-CoV-2 antibodies up to 6 months after vaccination. Pediatrics 148(2):e2021054260.
  • Perl SH, et al. 2021. SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies in breast milk after COVID-19 vaccination of breastfeeding women. JAMA 325(19):2013-2014.
  • Rottenstreich A, et al. 2021. Efficient maternofetal transplacental transfer of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike antibodies after antenatal SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccination. Clin Infect Dis 73(10):1909-1912.
  • Safrai M, et al. 2021. Stopping the misinformation: BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine has no negative effect on women’s fertility. Pre-print online June 1, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.30.21258079.
  • Safrai M, et al. 2022. The BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine does not impair sperm parameters. Reproductive BioMedicine 44(4):685-688.
  • Shimabukuro TT, et al. Preliminary findings of mRNA Covid-19 vaccine safety in pregnant persons. N Engl J Med 384:2273-2282.
  • Shook LL, et al. 2022. Durability of anti-spike antibodies in infants after maternal COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection. JAMA 327(11):1087-1089.
  • Stock SJ, et al. 2022. SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland. Nat Med 28:504-512.
  • Zambrano LD, et al. 2020. Update: characteristics of symptomatic women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status — United States, January 22–October 3, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69:1641–1647.
  • Zauche LH, et al. 2021. Receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 385:1533-1535.