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• Belfort MA, et al. 1990. Hemodynamic changes associated with intravenous infusion of the calcium antagonist verapamil in the treatment of severe gestational proteinuric hypertension. Obstet Gynecol, 75:970-974.
• Benoff S, et al. 1994. The effect of calcium ion channel blockers on sperm fertilization potential. Fertil Steril, 62:606-617.
• Byerly WG, et al. 1991. Verapamil in the treatment of maternal paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Ann Emerg Med, 20(5):552-554.
• Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M. 1997. Population-based case-control study of teratogenic potential of corticosteroids. Teratology, 56:335-340.
• Czeizel AE, Toth M. 1998. Birth weight, gestational age and medications during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 60:245-249.
• Fearrington EL, et al. 1983. Hyperprolactinemia-galactorrhea induced by verapamil. Am J Cardiol, 51:1466-1467.
• Gluskin LE, et al. 1981. Verapamil-induced hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea. Ann Intern Med, 95:66-67.
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• King BD, et al. 1983. Impotence during therapy with verapamil. Arch Intern Med, 143:1248-1249.
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• Murad SHN, et al. 1985. Effects of verapamil on uterine blood flow and maternal cardiovascular function in the awake pregnant ewe. Anesth Analg, 64:7-10.
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• Tektemur A, et al. 2020. Verapamil-induced ion channel and miRNA expression changes in rat testis and/or spermatozoa may be associated with male infertility. Andrologia, 52(10):e13778.
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• 2025. Product labeling. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=3283bba6-05dd-3766-e063-6394a90ada69

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• An Y, et al. 2014. The use of berberine for women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing IVF treatment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 80(3):425-431.  
• Chan E. 1993. Displacement of bilirubin from albumin by berberine. Biol Neonate, 63:201-208. 
• Di Pierro F, et al. 2023. Effect of Berberine Phytosome on reproductive, dermatologic, and metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a controlled, randomized, multi-centric, open-label clinical trial. Frontiers in pharmacology, 14:1269605. 
• Ha S & Song X. 2024. Berberine as adjuvant therapy for treating reduced fertility potential in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Explore (New York, N.Y.), 20(6):103040 
• Imanshahidi M, et al. 2008. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine. Phytother Res, 22:999–1012. 
• Lampe KF. 1999. Berberine. In DeSmet PAGM, Keller K, Hnsel R, Chandler RF. Adverse effects of herbal drugs, vol 1: 97-103. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 
• Zhao S, et al. 2021. Effect and mechanism of berberine against polycystic ovary syndrome. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 138:111468. 

Selected References:

• Deucravacitinib product label. 2022. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/medguide.cfm?setid=ff4d7258-5068-4cdf-9692-8cae04c3198e / https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ff4d7258-5068-4cdf-9692-8cae04c3198e#ID_b041cd9b-7e1e-45e1-907a-35e03e510ae3  
• No authors listed. 2023. Deucravacitinib (Sotyktu) for plaque psoriasis. Med Lett Drugs Ther; 65(1670):29-31.

Selected References:

• Ghafuri, DL, et al. 2017. Fertility challenges for women with sickle cell disease. Expert review of hematology, 10(10), 891–901.
• Food and Drug Administration. 2019 HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: OXBRYTA. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/213137s000lbl.pdf.
• Food and Drug Administration. 2019. FDA approves voxelotor for sickle cell disease. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/resources-information-approved-drugs/fda-approves-voxelotor-sickle-cell-disease.
• Osegbe, DN, et al. 1981. Fertility in males with sickle cell disease. Lancet (London, England), 2(8241), 275–276.
• Patel ZV, et al. 2024. Newer Modalities and Updates in the Management of Sickle Cell Disease: A Systematic Review. J Blood Med. 12;15:435-447. doi: 10.2147/JBM.S477507. PMID: 39286637; PMCID: PMC11404495.
• Pecker, LH; Kuo, KH.2022. Go the Distance: Reproductive Health Care for People with Sickle Cell Disease. Hematology/oncology clinics of North America, 36(6), 1255–1270.
• Rogers, DT; Molokie, R. 2010. Sickle cell disease in pregnancy. Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 37(2), 223–237.
• Serjeant, GR et al. 2004. Outcome of Pregnancy in Homozygous Sickle Cell Disease. Obstetrics & Gynecology 103(6):p 1278-1285.

Selected References:

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• Dawood MY. 1993. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and reproduction. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 169(5):1255-1265.
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• Ericson A and Kallen BA. 2001. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in early pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol, 15:371-375.
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• Jamali F, Keshavarz E. 1981. Salicylate in breast milk. Int J Pharm, 8:285-290.
• Janssen NM and Genta MS. 2000. The effects of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory medication on fertility, pregnancy, and lactation. Arch Intern Med, 160:610-619.
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• Slone D, et al. 1976. Aspirin and congenital malformations. Lancet, 1(7974):1373-1375.
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• Torfs CP, et al. 1996. Maternal medications and environmental exposures as risk factors for gastroschisis. Teratology, 54:84-92.
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