Vitamin C

Selected References:

  • Bravi F, et al. 2016. Impact of maternal nutrition on breast-milk composition: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr, 104(3):646-662.
  • Bsoul SA, Terezhalmy GT. 2004. Vitamin C in health and disease. J Contemp Dent Pract, 5(2):1-13.
  • Carmichael SL, et al. 2010. National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Craniosynostosis and nutrient intake during pregnancy. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol, 88(12):1032-1039.
  • Cochrane W. 1965. Overnutrition in prenatal and neonatal life: a problem? Can Med Assoc J, 93:893-899.
  • Conde-Agudelo A, et al. 2011. Supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy for the prevention of preeclampsia and other adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 204:503.e1-12.
  • Cyrus A, et al. 2015. The effect of adjuvant vitamin C after varicocele surgery on sperm quality and quantity in infertile men: a double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Int Braz J Urol, 41(2):230-238.
  • Dror DK & Allen LH. 2018. Overview of nutrients in human milk. Adv Nutr, 9 Suppl 1:278S–294S.
  • Gunabalasingam S, et al. 2023. Micronutrient supplementation interventions in preconception and pregnant women at increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of clinical nutrition, 77(7):710–730.
  • Hamidian S, et al. 2000. The effect of vitamin C on the gene expression profile of sperm protamines in the male partners of couples with recurrent pregnancy loss: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Exp Reprod Med, 47(1):68-76.
  • Institute of Medicine. 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://ods.od.nih.gov/HealthInformation/Dietary_Reference_Intakes.aspx [Accessed 01/2021].
  • Ji X, et al. 2023. Association between nutrient intake and female infertility: a study based on NHANES database. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 43(2):2285025.
  • Kabodmehri R, et al. 2023. Female infertility and dietary antioxidant index (DAI); a case-control study. BMC women’s health, 23(1):608.
  • Martysiak-Żurowska D, et al. 2016. Higher absorption of vitamin C from food than from supplements by breastfeeding mothers at early stages of lactation. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 86:81–87.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements. 2021. Vitamin C Fact Sheet. Available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/ and https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-Consumer/ [Accessed 01/2023].
  • Nelson MM & Forfar JO. 1971. Associations between drugs administered during pregnancy and congenital abnormalities of the fetus. Br Med J, 1(5748):523-527.
  • Rahimi R, et al. 2009. A meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of combined vitamin C and E supplementation in preeclamptic women. Hypertens Pregnancy, 28(4):417-434.
  • Rumbold AR, et al. 2006. ACTS Study Group: Vitamins C and E and the risks of preeclampsia and perinatal complications. N Engl J Med, 354:1796-1806.
  • Steiner AZ, et al.; Reproductive Medicine Network. 2020. The effect of antioxidants on male factor infertility: the Males, Antioxidants, and Infertility (MOXI) randomized clinical trial. Fertil Steril, 113(3):552-560.e3.
  • 2015. National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 28. Nutrients: Vitamin C, total ascorbic acid (mg). https://ods.od.nih.gov/pubs/usdandb/VitaminC-Food.pdf [Accessed 01/2021].

Vitamin C

Selected References:

  • Bailey A, Sapra A. MMR Vaccine. [Updated 2022 Jun 12]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554450/
  • Bouthry E, et al. 2014. Rubella and pregnancy: diagnosis, management and outcomes. Prenatal Diagnosis. 34(13).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Notice to Readers: Revised ACIP Recommendation for Avoiding Pregnancy After Receiving a Rubella–Containing Vaccine. MMWR 50(49):1117.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2016. CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP): Guidelines for Vaccinating Pregnant Women. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pregnancy/hcp/guidelines.html.
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017. Rubella (German Measles, Three-Day Measles). https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/about/index.html.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. Measles (Rubeola). https://www.cdc.gov/measles/.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. Mumps. https://www.cdc.gov/mumps/.
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. Vaccination Safety for Breastfeeding Mothers. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/vaccinations-medications-drugs/vaccinations.html
  • Chen, W, et al. 2004. No evidence for links between autism, MMR, and measles virus. Psychol Med 34:543-553.
  • Enders M, et al. 2005. [Frequency of spontaneous abortion and premature birth after acute mumps infection in pregnancy]. Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch;45(1):39-43.
  • Hisano M, et al. 2016. Evaluation of measles-rubella vaccination for mothers in early puerperal phase. Vaccine 34(9):1208-1214.
  • Immunization Action Coalition. 2019. Measles, Mumps and Rubella. http://www.immunize.org/askexperts/experts_mmr.asp.
  • Merck, Sharp & Dohme. MMR II. 2021. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=0a9e384f-e717-436b-b9a0-15e53cef0862
  • Moss WJ. 2017. Measles. Lancet. 390(10111):2490-2502.
  • Mohrbacher N, et al (eds.) 2003. The Breastfeeding Answer Book. La Leche League International, Inc., p. 607.
  • Pickering LK (ed.) 2000 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. American Academy of Pediatrics, pp. 389-395, 406-408, 497-500.
  • Schulz J, et al. 2023. Dissecting rubella placental infection in an in vitro trophoblast model. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 24(9): 7894
  • Taparelli F, et al. 1988. Isolation of mumps virus from vaginal secretions in association with oophoritis. J Infect 17:255-8.
  • Taylor LE, et al. 2014. Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine 32(29):3623-3629.

Vitamin C

Selected References:

  • Anderson KN, et al. 2020. ADHD medication use during pregnancy and risk for selected birth defects: national birth defects prevention study, 1998-2011. J Atten Disord, 24(3):479-489.
  • Cohen JM, et al. 2017. Placental complications associated with psychostimulant use in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 130(6):1192-1201.
  • Golub M, et al. 2005. NTP CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of amphetamine and methamphetamine. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol, 74(6):471-584.
  • Huybrechts KF, et al. 2018. Association between methylphenidate and amphetamine use in pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations: a cohort study from the international pregnancy safety study consortium. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(2):167-175.
  • Ilett KF, et al. 2007. Transfer of dexamphetamine into breast milk during treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 63(3):371-375.
  • Naeye RL, 1983. Maternal use of dextroamphetamine and growth of the fetus. Pharmacology, 26(2):117-120.
  • Ornoy A, 2018. Pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy and lactation. Pharm Res, 35:46.
  • Rose SJ, et al. 2020. Amphetamine–dextroamphetamine and pregnancy: neonatal outcomes after prenatal prescription mixed amphetamine exposure. Journal of Attention Disorders, 25(9):1295-1301.
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2017. Vyvanse ® (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate). Retrieved September 2024 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf.

Vitamin C

Selected References:

  • Albrecht M, et al. 2022. Infant immunity against viral infections is advanced by the placenta-dependent vertical transfer of maternal antibodies. Vaccine, 40(11): 1563-1571.
  • Bailey A, Sapra A. MMR Vaccine. [Updated 2022 Jun 12]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554450/
  • Bouthry E, et al. 2023. Congenital rubella syndrome following rubella vaccination during pregnancy. Pediatrics, 152(3): e2022057627.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Notice to Readers: Revised ACIP Recommendation for Avoiding Pregnancy After Receiving a Rubella–Containing Vaccine. MMWR 50(49):1117.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2016. CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP): Guidelines for Vaccinating Pregnant Women. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pregnancy/hcp/guidelines.html.
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017. Rubella (German Measles, Three-Day Measles). https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/about/index.html.
  • Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 2021. Vaccination Safety for Breastfeeding Mothers. https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/breastfeeding-special-circumstances/vaccinations-medications-drugs/vaccinations.html
  • Chen, W, et al. 2004. No evidence for links between autism, MMR, and measles virus. Psychol Med 34:543-553.
  • Gao B-G, et al. 2024. Effectiveness and safety of a mumps containing vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed mumps cases from 2002 to 2017: a meta-analysis. Open Life Sciences, 19(1): 20220820.
  • Hisano M, et al. 2016. Evaluation of measles-rubella vaccination for mothers in early puerperal phase. Vaccine 34(9):1208-1214.
  • Immunization Action Coalition. 2019. Measles, Mumps and Rubella. http://www.immunize.org/askexperts/experts_mmr.asp.
  • Merck, Sharp & Dohme. MMR II. 2021. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=0a9e384f-e717-436b-b9a0-15e53cef0862
  • Mohrbacher N, et al (eds.) 2003. The Breastfeeding Answer Book. La Leche League International, Inc., p. 607.
  • Pickering LK (ed.) 2000 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. American Academy of Pediatrics, pp. 389-395, 406-408, 497-500.
  • Rodriguez-Cartes SA, et al. 2024. Evaluating the potential impact of rubella-containing vaccine introduction on congenital rubella syndrome in Afghanistan, Dem. Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Pakistan: a mathematical modeling study. PLOS Global Public Health, 4(1): e0002656.
  • Taylor LE, et al. 2014. Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine 32(29):3623-3629

Vitamin C

Selected References:

  • Harms RW, et al. (eds.) 2004. Mayo Clinic Guide to a Healthy Pregnancy, Mayo Clinic, pp. 23-24.
  • Heidam LZ. 1984. Spontaneous abortions among dental assistants, factory workers, painters, and gardening workers: a follow-up study. J Epidemiol Comm Health, 38:149-155.
  • Hjortebjerg D, et al. 2012. Non-occupational exposure to paint fumes during pregnancy and risk of congenital anomalies: a cohort study. Environ Health, 11:54.
  • Hooiveld M, et al. 2006. Adverse reproductive outcomes among male painters with occupational exposure to organic solvents. Occup Environ Med 63:538-544.
  • Khattak S, et al. 1999.Pregnancy outcome following gestational exposure to organic solvents: a prospective controlled study. JAMA 281:1106-1109.
  • McMartin KI, et al. 1998. Pregnancy outcome following maternal organic solvent exposure: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Amer J Indust Med, 34:228-292.
  • 2022. Can paint fumes affect my unborn baby? NHS choices. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/finding-out/health-things-you-should-know-in-pregnancy/. Accessed 25 Nov 2024.
  • O’Shea MJ, et al. 2021. Alteration of yellow traffic paint in simulated environmental and biological fluids. Sci Total Environ. Jan 1;750:141202.
  • Ramlau-Hansen CH, et al. 2012. Male-mediated infertility in sons of building painters and gardeners: A nationwide register-based follow-up study. Reprod Toxico, 34:522-528.
  • Savitz DA, Chen JH. 1990. Parental occupation and childhood cancer: review of epidemiologic studies. Environ Health Perspect. 88:325-37.
  • Sørensen M, et al. 2010. Non-occupational exposure to paint fumes during pregnancy and fetal growth in a general population. Environ Res. 110(4):383-387.
  • Tougaard NH, et al. 2015. Risk of congenital malformations among children of construction painters in Denmark: a nationwide cohort study. Scand J Work Environ Health.41(2):175-183.
  • S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2014. The Effects of Workplace Hazards on Female Reproductive Health. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/99-104/default.html/. Accessed 25 Nov 2024.
  • S. Environmental Protections Agency. Healthy Indoor Painting. 2000. Available at: https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/painting.pdf Accessed 25 Nov 2024.
  • S. Environmental Protections Agency. 2024. Lead in Paint, Dust, and Soil. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/lead/lead-regulations#paint Accessed 25 Nov 2024.
  • Wilkins-Haug L. 1997.Teratogen update: toluene. Teratology 55:145–151.
Vitamin C
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