Dupilumab (Dupixent®)

Selected References:

  • Akhtar NH et. al. 2022. The use of dupilumab in severe atopic dermatitis during pregnancy: a case report. Allergy Asthma Clin Immun. 18(1):9.
  • Avallone, G. et al. 2024. Association between maternal dupilumab exposure and pregnancyoutcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis:A nationwide retrospective cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 6(1)1-10.
  • Bosma AL et al. 2021. Paternal and maternal use of dupilumab in patients with atopic dermatitis: a case series. Clin Exp Dermatol. 46(6):1089-1092.
  • Dupixent® Prescribing Information. Available online at https://www.regeneron.com/sites/default/files/Dupixent_FPI.pdf. Accessed on October 16, 2022.
  • Chan T. et al, 2020. Taiwanese Dermatological Association consensus for the management of atopic dermatitis: A 2020 update. J Formos Med Assoc, 120(1:Pt2):429-442.
  • Costley M and Murphy B. 2022. Severe atopic dermatitis treated successfully with dupilumab throughout pregnancy. 2022. Clin Exp Dermatol 47(5):960-961.
  • Escolà, H. et al. 2023. Dupilumab for atopic dermatitis during pregnancy and breastfeeding: Clinical experience in 13 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 37(9)p.e1156-e1160.
  • Gracia-Darder I et al. 2022). Patient with atopic dermatitis, hyper IgE syndrome and ulcerative colitis, treated successfully with dupilumab during pregnancy. Dermatol Ther. 35(2) e15247.
  • Hong, N. et al. 2024. Atopic dermatitis treated safely with dupilumab during pregnancy and lactation: A case series of four patients. Australas J Dermatol. 00:1-4.
  • Heilskov S, et al. 2020. Immunosuppressive and Immunomodulating Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis in Pregnancy: An Appraisal of the Literature. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 10(6): 1215–1228.
  • Kage P, et al. 2020. A case of atopic eczema treated safely with dupilumab during pregnancy and lactation. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology: JEADV, 34(6), e256–e257.
  • Kage P, et al. 2021. Case of atopic eczema treated with dupilumab throughout conception, pregnancy, and lactation. J Dermatol 48(10):E484-E485.
  • Khamisy-Farah R, et al. 2021. Safety profile of Dupilumab during pregnancy: a data mining and disproportionality analysis of over 37,000 reports from the WHO individual case safety reporting database (VigiBase™) Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 25(17):5448-5451.
  • Lobo Y, et al. 2021. Atopic Dermatitis Treated Safety with Dupilumab during Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Dermatol 13:248–256.
  • Metko, D. et al. 2024. A real-world study of dupilumab in patients with atopic dermatitis including patients with malignancy and other medical comorbidities. JAAD Int. 15:5-11.
  • Mian M, et al. 2020. Dupilumab for the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis in a pregnant patient: A case report. JAAD Case Reports, 6(10), 1051–1052.
  • Napolitano M, et al. 2021. New emergent therapies for atopic dermatitis: A review of safety profile with respect to female fertility, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. Dermatol Thera 34:e14475.
  • Riquelme-Mc Loughlin C and Mascaró JM Jr. 2021. Treatment of pemphigoid gestationis with dupilumab. Clin Exp Dermatol 46(8):1578-1579.
  • Vestergaard C, et al. 2019. European task force on atopic dermatitis position paper: treatment of parental atopic dermatitis during preconception, pregnancy and lactation period. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 33(9):1644-1659.


Dupilumab (Dupixent®)

Selected References:

  • Ahuja S, Gharde PM. 2023. A narrative review of maternal and perinatal outcomes of dengue in pregnancy. Cureus 15(11): e48640.
  • Arragain L, et al. 2017. Vertical transmission of dengue virus in the peripartum period and viral kinetics in newborns and breast milk: new data. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc., 6:324-331.
  • Barkham TM, et al. 2006. The performance of RT-PCR compared with a rapid serological assay for acute dengue fever in a diagnostic laboratory. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100:142-148.
  • Basurko C, et al. 2018. A prospective matched study on symptomatic dengue in pregnancy. PloS One 13:e0202005.
  • Basurko C, et al. 2018. Estimating the risk of vertical transmission of dengue: a prospective study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 98(6): 1826-1832.
  • Brar R, et al. 2021. Maternal and fetal outcomes of dengue fever in pregnancy: a large prospective and descriptive observational study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 304:91–100.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. About a Dengue Vaccine. Retrieved May 2024 from https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/vaccine/index.html.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Areas with Risk of Dengue. Retrieved May 2024 from https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/areas-with-risk/index.html.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Dengue. Retrieved May 2024 from https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/about/index.html.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Clinical Testing Guidance for Dengue. Retrieved May 2024 from https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/hcp/diagnosis-testing/index.html.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Dengue Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know. Retrieved May 2024 from https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/dengue/public/index.html.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. How Dengue Spreads. Retrieved May 2024 from https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/transmission/index.html.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Preventing Dengue. Retrieved May 2024 from https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention/index.html.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. Preventing Mosquito Bites. Retrieved May 2024 from https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/prevention/index.html.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.d. Your Infant has Dengue. Retrieved May 2024 https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/media/pdfs/protect-your-baby.pdf.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.d. https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/training/cme/ccm/page45893.html#:~:text=Lifelong%20type%2Dspecific%20immunity.,about%202%20to%206%20months.
  • Charlier C, et al. 2017. Arboviruses and pregnancy: maternal, fetal, and neonatal effects. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 1:134–146.
  • Hcini N, et al. 2024. Arboviruses and pregnancy: are the threats visible or hidden?. Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines, 10(1), 4.
  • Iannetta M, et al. 2017. Persistent detection of dengue virus in vaginal secretions of a woman returning from Srin Lanka to Italy. Euro Surveill 22(34).
  • Lalle E, et al. 2018. Prolonged detection of dengue virus RNA in the semen of a man returning from Thailand to Italy. Euro Surveill 23(18).
  • Lee C, Lee H. 2018. Probable female to male sexual transmission of dengue virus infection. Infect Dis (Lond):1-3.
  • Mons J, et al. 2022. Effects of Acute Dengue Infection on Sperm and Virus Clearance in Body Fluids of Men. Emerging infectious diseases, 28(6), 1146–1153.
  • Nascimento LB, et al. 2017. Symptomatic dengue infection during pregnancy and livebirth outcomes in Brazil, 2007–13: a retrospective observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 17:949–956.
  • Paixão ES, et al. 2016. Dengue during pregnancy and adverse fetal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 16:857–865.
  • Paixão ES, et al. 2018. Symptomatic dengue during pregnancy and congenital neurologic malformations. Emerg Infect Dis 24:1748–1750.
  • Pouliot SH, et al. 2010. Maternal dengue and pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 65(2):107-118.
  • Ribero CF, et al. 2016. Dengue during pregnancy: Association with Low Birth Weight and Prematurity. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 58:8.
  • Sinha R, Datta MR. 2023. Dengue in Early Pregnancy: A Neglected Problem?. Cureus 15(5):e38740.
  • Sondo KA, et al. 2019. Dengue infection during pregnancy in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 19:997.
  • World Health Organization. 2024. Dengue and severe dengue. Retrieved May 2024 from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue.
  • Xiong YQ, et al. 2017. Dengue virus infection during pregnancy increased the risk of adverse fetal outcomes? An updated meta-analysis. J Clin Virol. 94:42.


Dupilumab (Dupixent®)

Selected References:

  • Beex-Oosterhuis MM, et al. 2021. Clozapine Treatment During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: A Systematic Literature Review. J Clin Psychiatry. 83(1):21r13952.
  • Bolu A, Akgün A, Öznur T, Çelik C. 2018. Low-dose clozapine-induced retrograde ejaculation. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci; 72(7):541-542.
  • Borisch C, et al. 2012. Severe neutropenia in a newborn after clozapine therapy during pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol; 34:158.
  • Clozapine Package Insert: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/019758s073lbl.pdf
  • Damkier P and Videbach P. 2018. The Safety of Second-Generation Antipsychotics During Pregnancy: A Clinically Focused Review. CNS Drugs; 32:351–366.
  • Dev VJ, Krupp P. 1995. Adverse event profile and safety of clozapine. Rev Contemp Pharmacother.;6:197–208.
  • Haddad PM, Wieck A, Haddad PM, Wieck A. 2004. Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia: mechanisms, clinical features and management. Drugs; 64(20):2291-314.
  • Imaz ML, Oriolo G, Torra M, et al. 2018. Clozapine use during pregnancy and lactation: A case-series report. Front Pharmacol.;9:264.
  • Larsen ER, Damkier P, Pedersen LH, et al. 2015. Use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl.;132 Suppl 445:1–28.
  • Mehta TM, Van Lieshout RJ. 2017. A review of the safety of clozapine during pregnancy and lactation. Arch Womens Ment Health;20(1):1-9.
  • Shao P, Ou J, Peng M, Zhao J, Chen J, Wu R. 2015. Effects of clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics on infants development who were exposed to as fetus: a post-hoc analysis. PLoS One 10(4):e0123373.
  • Thanigaivel R, et al. 2022 A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes after clozapine continuation in pregnancy. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract.26(2):178-182.
  • Uguz F. 2021. A new safety scoring system for the use of psychotropic drugs during lactation. Am J Ther.28:e118–e126.
  • Uguz F. 2016. Second-generation antipsychotics during the lactation period: A comparative systematic review on infant safety. J Clin Psychopharmacol.;36:244–52.
  • Uygur OF, Uygur H. 2019. Neurodevelopmental and growth follow-up of the baby exposed to antipsychotics during pregnancy and lactation: A case report. Psychiat Clin Psychopharmacol.;29:744–7.
  • Uguz F. 2020. The use of clozapine during pregnancy and lactation: A case report. Psychiat Clin Psychopharmacol.;30:193–5.


Dupilumab (Dupixent®)

Selected References:

  • Aronne LJ. 1998. Obesity. Womens Health Issues 82(1):161- 181.
  • Chang JJ, Lathi RB, Kim SH. 2020. A retrospective study examining phentermine on preconception weight loss and pregnancy outcomes. Endocrine Practice;26(9):990-996. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP-2019-0609
  • Food and Drug Administration. 2012. Prescribing information for ADIPEX-P®. Retrieved April 2024 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/085128s065lbl.pdf
  • Food and Drug Administration. 2013. Prescribing information for SUPRENZA Retrieved April 2024 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/202088s005lbl.pdf.
  • Food and Drug Administration. 2023. Prescribing information for Qsymia®. Retrieved April 2024 from https://qsymia.com/patient/include/media/pdf/prescribing-information.pdf.
  • Hale TW. 2008. Medications and Mothers’ Milk, 13th ed. Amarillo, TX: Hale Publishing.
  • Johnson KA, et al. 1998. Pregnancy outcome of women exposed to Fen/Phen [abstract]. Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Annual Meeting, June 1998.
  • Jones KL, et al. 2002. Pregnancy outcomes after first trimester exposure to phentermine/fenfluramine. Teratology 65:125-130.
  • No authors listed. 2013. Topiramate + phentermine. An excessively dangerous appetite-suppressant combination. Prescrire Int 22(136):61-4.
  • Robert E, et al. 1995. Neural tube defects and maternal weight reduction in early pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 9(1):57-59.
  • Silverstone, T. 1982. Drugs and Appetite. New York: Academic Press.
  • Stein AD, et al. 1995. Third-trimester pregnancy weight gain and intrauterine growth: The Dutch Famine Birth Cohort Study. Hum Biol 67(1):135-150.
  • Winick M. 1989. Nutrition, Pregnancy, and Early Infancy. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.


Dupilumab (Dupixent®)

Selected References:

  • Atmaca M, Kuloglu M, Tezcan E, Canatan H, Gecici,O. 2002. Quetiapine is not associated with increase in prolactin secretion in contrast to haloperidol. Arch Med Res 33:562-5.
  • Beumont PJ, Gelder MG, Friesen HG, et al. 1974. The effects of phenothiazine on endrocrine function: I Patients with inappropriate lactation and amenorrhoea. Br J Psychiatry. 124:413–9.
  • Crawford AM, Beasley CM Jr, Tollefson GD. 1997. The acute and long-term effect of olanzapine compared with placebo and haloperidol on serum prolactin concentrations. Schizophr Res. 26:41–54.
  • Diav-Citrin O, Shechtman S, Ornoy S, et al. 2005. Safety of haloperidol and penfluridol in pregnancy: a multicenter, prospective, controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 66:317-322.
  • Dieulangard P et al. 1966. Sur un cas d’ectro-phocomelie peutetre d’origine medicamenteuse. Bull Fed Gynecol Obstet 18:85-7.
  • Fiore L, Scapagnini U, Canonico PL. 1987. Effect of dihydroergocryptine and dihydroergocristine on cyclic AMP accumulation and prolactin release in vitro: Evidence for a dopaminomimetic action. Horm Res. 25:171–7.
  • Kallen et al. 2013 The use of central nervous system active drugs during pregnancy. Pharmaceuticals 6(10):1221-1286.
  • Kopelman AE et al. 1975. Limb malformations following maternal use of haloperidol. J Am Med Assoc 231:62-4.
  • Langer G, Puhringer W. 1980. Haloperidol and droperidol treatment in schizophrenics. Clinical application of the “prolactin-model”. Acta Psychiatr Belg. 80:574–83.
  • Maguire GA. 2002. Prolactin elevation with antipsychotic medications: mechanisms of action and clinical consequences. J Clin Psychiatry. 63(suppl 4):56-62.
  • Straub L, Hernández-Díaz S, Bateman BT, et al. 2022. Association of Antipsychotic Drug Exposure in Pregnancy With Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A National Birth Cohort Study. JAMA Intern Med. 182(5):522–533.
  • Turkington RW. 1972. Prolactin secretion in patients treated with various drugs: Phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, reserpine, and methyldopa. Arch Intern Med. 130:349–54.
  • Turkington RW. 1972. Serum prolactin levels in patients with gynecomastia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 34:62–6.
  • Uguz F. 2016. Breastfed infants exposed to combined antipsychotics: Two case reports. Am J Ther. 23:e1962–e1964
  • Uguz F. 2019. Adverse events in a breastfed infant exposed to risperidone and haloperidol. Breastfeed Med. 14:683–4.
  • Uguz F. 2021. A new safety scoring system for the use of psychotropic drugs during lactation. Am J Ther. 28:e118–e126
  • Van Waes A, Van de Velde E. 1969. Safety evaluation of haloperidol in the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. J Clin Pharmacol 9:224-7.
  • Whalley LJ, Blain PG, Prime JK. 1981. Haloperidol secreted in breast milk. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 282:1746–7.
  • Yoshida K, Smith B, Craggs M, et al. 1997. Investigation of pharmacokinetics and possible adverse effects in infants exposed to tricyclic antidepressants in breast-milk. J Affect Disord. 43:225–37.
  • Yoshida K, Smith B, Craggs M, et al. 1998. Neuroleptic drugs in breast-milk: A study of pharmacokinetics and of possible adverse effects in breast-fed infants. Psychol Med. 28:81–91.