Doxepin

Selected References:

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2018. Committee Opinion No. 753: Assessment and Treatment of Pregnant Women with Suspected or Confirmed Influenza. Obstet Gyn 132(4):e169-e173.
  • Aoki FY, et al. 2013. The use of antiviral drugs for influenza: A foundation document for practitioners. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 24(Suppl C) :1-15.
  • Beau A-B, et al. 2014. Safety of oseltamivir during pregnancy: a comparative study using the EFEMERIS database. BJOG. 121(7):895-900. 1-25.

Doxepin

Selected References:

  • Ahn KH, et al. 2015. Pregnancy outcomes with paternal exposure to finasteride, a synthetic 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor: a case-series. J Clin Toxicol 5:2
  • AlSaad D, et al. 2018. Finasteride use during pregnancy and early neonatal outcome: a case report. Int J Clin Pharm 40(4): 803-805.
  • Amory JK, et al. 2007. The effect of 5- alpha-reductase inhibition with dutasteride and finasteride on semen parameters and serum hormones in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:1659-1665.
  • Anderson CA, Clark RL. 1990. External genitalia of the rat: normal development and the histogenesis of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor-induced abnormalities. Teratology;42:483-496.
  • Bowman CJ, et al. 2003. Effects of in utero exposure to finasteride on androgen-dependent reproductive development in the male rat. Toxicol Sci; 74:393-406.
  • Carlin JR, et al. 1992. Disposition and pharmacokinetics of (14C) finasteride after oral administration in humans. Drug Metab Dispos Biol Fate Chem; 20:148-55.
  • Cather JC, et al. 1999. Finasteride – An update and review. Cutis 64:167-172.
  • Ciotta L, et al. 1995. Clinical and endocrine effects of finasteride, a 5(alpha)-reductase inhibitor, in women with idiopathic hirsutism. Fertil Steril 64:299-306.
  • Clark RL, Anderson CA, Prahalada S et al: Critical developmental periods for effects on male rat genitalia induced by finasteride, a 5(alpha)-reductase inhibitor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 119:34-40.
  • Clark RL, et al. 1990. External genital abnormalities in male rats exposed in utero to finasteride, a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. Teratology; 42:91-100.
  • Falsetti L, et al. 1997. Treatment of hirsutism by finasteride and flutamide in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 11:251-157.
  • Husmann DA, McPhaul MJ. 1991. Time-specific androgen blockade with flutamide inhibits testicular descent in the rat. Endocrinology; 129:1409-1416.
  • Gupta AK & Talukder M. 2022. Topical finasteride for male and female pattern hair loss: Is it a safe and effective alternative?. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 21(5), 1841–1848.
  • Khera M, et al. 2020. Penile vascular abnormalities in young men with persistent side effects after finasteride use for the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Transl Androl URol 9(3): 1201-1209.
  • Kohler C, et al. 2007. Effect of finasteride 5mg (Proscar) on acne and alopecia in female patients with normal serum levels of free testosterone. Gynecol Endocrinol; 23:142-145.
  • Kurzrock EA, et al. 2000. Urethral development in the fetal rabbit and induction of hypospadias: a model for human development. J Urol 164(5):1786-1792.
  • Laborde, E. and R. E. Brannigan. 2010. Effect of 1-mg dose of finasteride on spermatogenesis and pregnancy. J Androl; 31(2): e1-2.
  • Lumachi F, Rondinone R. 2003. Use of cyproterone acetate, finasteride, and spironolactone to treat idiopathic hirsutism. Fertil Steril 79:942-946.
  • Martinez AG, et al. 2011. Effects of in utero exposure to D-004, a lipid extract from Roystonea regia fruits, in the male rat: a comparison with finasteride. J Med Food. Dec;14(12):1663-9.
  • Overstreet JW, et al. 1999. Chronic treatment with finasteride daily does not affect spermatogenesis or semen production in young men. J Urol 162:1295-1300.
  • Paris JJ, et al. 2011. Inhibition of 5 alpha reductase activity in late pregnancy decreases gestational length and fecundity and impairs object memory and central progestogen milieu of juvenile rat offspring. J Neuroendocrinol; 23(11): 1079-90.
  • Prahalada S, et al. 1997. Effects of finasteride, a type 2 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, on fetal development in the Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Teratology; 55:119-31.
  • Propecia prescribing information. 2020. Accessible from https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4e07adb4-7807-47d3-b9a9-2332a3047410#S12.3
  • Ricci G, et al. 2012. Finasteride and fertility: case report and review of the literature. J Drugs Dermatol; 11(12):1511-3.
  • Rittmaster, RS, 1994. Drug Therapy: Finasteride. New Engl J Med 330:120-125.
  • Salvarci A, Istanbulluoglu O. 2013. Secondary infertility due to use of low-dose finasteride. Int Urol Nephrol; 45(1):83-
  • Samplaski MK, et al. 2013. Finasteride use in the male infertility population: effects on semen and hormone parameters. Fertility and Sterility; 100:1528-1529.
  • Spencer JR, et al. 1991. Effects of flutamide and finasteride on rat testicular descent. Endocrinology; 129:741-748.
  • Teichert M, et al. 2017. Contraindicated use of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors in women. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 83(2): 429-431
  • Wise LD, et al. 1991. Reversible decreases of fertility in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated orally with finasteride, a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. Reprod Toxicol 5:353-362

Doxepin

Selected References:

  • Ajiji P, et al. 2021. Investigating the efficacy and safety of metronidazole during pregnancy; A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X, 11, 100128.
  • Burtin P, et al. 1995. Safety of metronidazole in pregnancy: a meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172(21):525-529.
  • Cantu JM & Garcia-Cruz D. 1982. Midline facial defect as a teratogenic effect of metronidazole. Birth Defects 18:85-88.
  • Caro-Paton T, et al. 1997. Is metronidazole teratogenic? A meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 44:(2)179-182.
  • Cram LF, et al. 2015. Genitourinary infections and their association with preterm labor. American Family Physician; 65(2), 241–249.
  • Czeizel AE & Rockenbauer M. 1998. A population-based case-control teratologic study of oral metronidazole. Br J Obstet Gynecol; 105(3):322-327.
  • Finegold SM. 1980. Metronidazole. Ann Intern Med 93:585-587.
  • Flagyl® Prescribing Information. Available online at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2024/020334s015lbl.pdf.
  • Gilbert NM, et al. 2013. Urinary tract infection as a preventable cause of pregnancy complications: Opportunities, challenges, and a global call to action. Global Advances in Health and Medicine; 2(5), 59–69.
  • Gray MS, et al. 1961. Further observations on metronidazole (Flagyl). Br J Vener Dis; 37:278-9.
  • Heisterberg L, Branebjerg PE. 1983. Blood and milk concentrations of metronidazole in mothers and infants. J Perinat Med; 11:114-20.
  • Kazy Z, et al. 2005. Teratogenic potential of vaginal metronidazole treatment during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 123(2):174-178.
  • Koss CA, et al. 2012. Investigation of Metronidazole Use during Pregnancy and Adverse Birth Outcomes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56(9): 4800–4805.
  • Löfmark S, et al. 2010. Metronidazole is still the drug of choice for treatment of anaerobic infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50(S1), S16–S23.
  • Muanda FT, et al. 2017. Use of antibiotics during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion. CMAJ. 189(17):E625-E633.
  • Nwosu OC, Bloom K. The safety of metronidazole in pregnancy. Health Care Women Int. 2021;42(4-6):726-738.
  • Omranipoor A et al. 2020. Association of antibiotics therapy during pregnancy with spontaneous miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics302: 5-22.
  • Passmore CM, et al. 1988. Metronidazole excretion in human breastmilk and its effect on suckling neonates. British J Clin Pharmacol 26(1):45-51.
  • Piper JM, et al. 1993. Prenatal use of metronidazole and birth defects: no association. Obstet Gynecol 82(3):348-352.
  • Rosa FW, et al. 1987. Pregnancy outcomes after first trimester vaginitis drug therapy. Obstet Gynecol 69:751-755.
  • Sheehy O, et al. 2015. The use of metronidazole during pregnancy: a review of evidence. Curr Drug Saf. 10(2):170-9.
  • Workowski KA, Bolan GA. 2015. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep; 64:1-137.

Doxepin

Selected References:

  • Anderson PO. 2021. Monoclonal antibodies during breastfeeding. Breastfeeding Medicine. 16(8): 591-93.
  • Noseda R, et al. 2024. Safety of Monoclonal Antibodies Inhibiting PCSK9 in Pregnancy: Disproportionality Analysis in VigiBase®. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 10.1002/cpt.3269. Advance online publication.
  • Praluent® Prescribing Information. Available online at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/125559Orig1s000lbledt.pdf, Accessed May 28, 2024
  • Vuignier Y, et al. 2021. Exposure to alirocumab during the first trimester of pregnancy: A case report. Birth Defects Research. 113(15): 1156–60.

Doxepin

Selected References:

  • Anderson PO. 2021. Monoclonal antibodies during breastfeeding. Breastfeeding Medicine. 16(8): 591-93.
  • Dernoncourt A., et al. 2023. Fetal and Neonatal Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Biologics Taken During Pregnancy by Women with Autoimmune Diseases: Insights from an Analysis of the World Health Organization Pharmacovigilance Database (VigiBase®). BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy, 37(1), 73–87.
  • Kimball AB. 2020. Pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to guselkumab: Experience from the clinical development program. J Am Acad Dermatol. 83(6):AB27.
  • McMullan P et al. 2024. Safety of dermatologic medications in pregnancy and lactation: An Update-Part I: Pregnancy. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
  • Tremfya® Prescribing Information. Available online at http://www.janssenlabels.com/package-insert/product-monograph/prescribing-information/TREMFYA-pi.pdf. Accessed on May 28, 2024.
  • Wolfe C et al., 2024. A Retrospective Review of Pregnancies in our Psoriasis Biologics Cohort. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. llae106.
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