Selected References:

• Benyamini L, et al. 2005. The safety of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cefuroxime during lactation. Ther Drug Monit. 27:499–502.
• Chu YN, et al. 2019. Toxic epidermal necrolysis in an infant induced by drug intake through breast milk. Dermatologica Sinica. 37:86–89.
• Czeizel AE, et al. 2001. Use of cephalosporins during pregnancy and in the presence of congenital anomalies: a population-based, case-control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 184:1289-1896.
• Ilett KF, et al. 2006. Transfer of probenecid and cephalexin into breast milk. Ann Pharmacother. 40:986–989.
• Ito S, et al. 1993. Prospective follow-up of adverse reactions in breast-fed infants exposed to maternal medication. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 168:1393–1399.
• Kafetzi D, et al. 1981. Passage of cephalosporins and amoxicillin into the breast milk. Acta Paediatr Scand 70:285-288.
• Teva Pharmaceuticals. 2020. Cephalexin product label. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=19307ff0-71de-477b-965d-ea243e5ede3a. [Accessed March 27 2024]

Selected References:

• Anghelache M, et al. 2022. Multiple sclerosis in pregnancy- current neurological considerations. Romanian Journal of Pediatrics, 71(2):55-59.
• Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. 2022. Mayzent Drug Label, Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=44492772-5aed-4627-bd85-e8e89f308bb3
• Ruggieri S, et al. 2022. Ponesimod in the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis: a update on the emerging clinical data. Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease, 12:61-73.
• Sabsabi S, et al. 2023. Clinical evaluation of siponimod for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: pathophysiology, efficacy, safety, patient acceptability, and adherence. Patient Preference and Adherence, 16:1307–1319.

Selected References:

• Bailey DN, Briggs JR. 2002. Carisoprodol: an unrecognized drug of abuse. Am J Clin Pathol; 117:396-400.
• Briggs GG, et al. 2008. High dose carisoprodol during pregnancy and lactation. Ann Pharmacother; 42:898-901.
• Grizzle TB, et al. 1995. Carisoprodol: reproductive assessment by continuous breeding in Swiss mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol; 24(1):132-9.
• Heinonen OP, et al. 1977. Birth defects and drugs in pregnancy. Littleton, MA: Publishing Sciences Group. 357-65.
• Nordeng H, et al. 2001. Transfer of carisoprodol to breast milk. Ther Drug Monit; 23:298-300.
• Nostrum Laboratories. 2021. Carisoprodol prescribing information. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=ab22f1be-16c8-45b6-adaf-09e08bf7a545&type=display
• Prescribing Label for Soma. 2019. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6297cf20-830a-11dc-94c8-0002a5d5c51b [Accessed 5/2022]

Selected References:

• Akinosoglou K, et al. 2023. COVID-19 Pharmacotherapy in Pregnancy: A Literature Review of Current Therapeutic Choices. Viruses. 15(3): 787.
• Aleissa MM, et al. 2021. New perspectives on antimicrobial agents: Remdesivir treatment for COVID-19. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 38:248-251.
• Al-Kuraishy HM, et al. 2023. Pregnancy and COVID-19: high or low risk of vertical transmission. Clin Exp Med. 23(4):957-967.
• Anderson J, et al. 2020. The use of convalescent plasma therapy and remdesivir in the successful management of a critically ill obstetric patient with novel coronavirus 2019 infection: A case report. Case reports in women’s health, 27, e00221.
• Arbabzadeh T, et al. 2023. Remdesivir in pregnant women with moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective cohort study. Clin Exp Med. 23(7):3709-3717.
• Budi, DS, et al. 2022. Remdesivir for pregnancy: A systematic review of antiviral therapy for COVID-19. Heliyon, 8(1), e08835.
• Bertrand K, et al. 2024. Concentrations of remdesivir and GS-441524 in human milk from lactating individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Pediatric research. 10.1038/s41390-024-03053-2.
• Burwick RM, et al. 2021. Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Pregnant Women With Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019. Clin Infect Dis. 6;73(11):e3996-e4004
• Cheema R, et al. 2023. Protecting Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Perinatol. 40(3):260-266.
• Chen M, et al. 2023. Vaccination and treatment options for SARS-CoV2 infection affecting lactation and breastfeeding. Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine. 28(1) 101425.
• Clinical Solutions: Remdesivir monograph. Revised 5/7/2020. https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/996767/Remdesivir-Drug-Monograph_28MAY2020.pdf
• Di Gennaro, et al. 2023. Efficacy and safety of therapies for COVID-19 in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 23(1):776.
• Dornemann J, et al. 2017. First newborn baby to receive experimental therapies survives Ebola virus disease. J Infect Dis, 215:171–4.
• FDA’s approval of Veklury (remdesivir) for the treatment of COVID-19—the science of safety and effectiveness. 2020. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/news-events-human-drugs/fdas-approval-veklury-remdesivir-treatment-covid-19-science-safety-and-effectiveness?msclkid=172b6876c65d11ec832b5913d0d746c5. Accessed 9 Dec 2024.
• Frauenfelder C, et al. 2020. Infant with SARS-CoV-2 infection causing severe lung disease treated with remdesivir. Pediatrics. 146:e20201701.
• Gilead Sciences, Inc. 2022. Remdesivir product labeling. Available at: https://www.gilead.com/-/media/files/pdfs/medicines/covid-19/veklury/veklury_pi.pdf. Accessed 9 Dec 2024.
• Gutierrez R, et al. 2022. Remdesivir use in pregnancy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 35(25):9445-9451.
• Jorgensen SCJ, 2021. A review of remdesivir for COVID-19 in pregnancy and lactation. J Antimicrob Chemother. 77(1):24-30.
• Jorgensen SC, et al. 2022. A review of COVID-19 therapeutics in pregnancy and lactation. Obstet Med. 15(4): 225-232.
• Lampejo T. 2021. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID‐19 in pregnancy. Journal of medical virology, 93(7), 4114.
• Liu X, et al. 2023. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of remdesivir and its metabolites in pregnant women with COVID-19. CPT: Pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology. 12(2) 148-153.
• Molaei E, et al. 2024. Remdesivir: treatment of COVID-19 in special populations. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 397(6):3829-3855.
• Mulangu S, et al. 2019. A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics. N Engl J Med., 381:2293–303.
• Naqvi M, et al. 2020.Tocilizumab and Remdesivir in a Pregnant Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Obstetrics & Gynecology. 136(5):1025-1029.
• Nasrallah, S, et al. 2021. Pharmacological treatment in pregnant women with moderate symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 1-8.
• Pierce-Williams RAM, et al. 2020. Clinical course of severe and critical COVID-19 in hospitalized pregnancies: a US cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM; 2(3):100134.
• Sadati E, et al. 2022. Remdesivir in Breastfeeding. Tanaffos. 21(3) 261-262.
• Tavakoli N, et al. 2023. Is it possible to reduce the rate of vertical transmission and improve perinatal outcomes by inclusion of remdesivir in treatment regimen of pregnant women with COVID-19?. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 23(1):110.
• Wada YS, et al. 2022. Remdesivir and human milk: A case study. J Hum Lact.

Selected References:

• Gilboa SM, et al, and the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. 2009. Use of antihistamine medications during early pregnancy and isolated major malformations. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 85(2): 137-150.
• Hansen C, et al. 2020. Use of antihistamine medications during early pregnancy and selected birth defects: The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011. Birth Defects Res. 112:1234-1252.
• Mazzotta P, et al. 1999. Treating allergic rhinitis in pregnancy. Safety considerations. Drug Saf. 20(4):361‐375.