Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Selected References

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2017. Committee Opinion No. 723. Guidelines for diagnostic imaging during pregnancy and lactation. Obstet Gynecol, 130(4):933-934.
  • American College of Radiology. 2020.ACR Manual on MR Safety. [PDF file]. Retrieved from https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/Radiology-Safety/MR-Safety/Manual-on-MR-Safety.pdf.
  • Chartier AL, et al. 2019. The safety of maternal and fetal MRI at 3 T. American Journal of Roentgenology, 213(5): 1170–1173.
  • Lum M, Tsiouris AJ. 2020. MRI safety considerations during pregnancy. Clin Imaging; 62:69-75.
  • Maralani PJ, et al.2023. Safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Pregnancy. Radiologie (Heidelb). 63(Suppl 2):34-40
  • Mervak BM, et al. 2019. MRI in pregnancy: Indications and practical considerations. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, JMRI, 49(3):621–631.
  • Ray JG, et al. 2016. Association between MRI exposure during pregnancy and fetal and childhood outcomes. JAMA, 316(9):952-961.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Selected References

  • Abdulaziz HM, et al. 2021. Fetal proximal and distal limb anomalies following exposure to mycophenolate mofetil during pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature. Lupus 30(9):1522-1525.
  • Alsebayel MM, et al. 2018. Congenital esophageal atresia and microtia in a newborn secondary to mycophenolate mofeil exposure during pregnancy: A case report and review of the literature. Am J Case Rep 3(19):523-526.
  • Boyle S, et al. 2021.Pregnancy following heart transplantation: A single centre case series and review of the literature. Heart Lung Circ 30:144–53.
  • Coscia LA, et al. 2015. Update on the teratogenicity of maternal mycophenolate mofetil. J Pediatr Genet 4(2):42-55.
  • Egeberg A, et al 2017 Birth outcomes in children fathered by men treated with immunosuppressant drugs before conception-A Danish population-based cohort study. J Invest Dermatol. 137(8):1790-1792.
  • Hoeltzenbein M, et al. 2012. Teratogenicity of mycophenolate confirmed in a prospective study of the European Network of Teratology Information Services. Am J Med Genet A 158A(3):588-596.
  • Huerta A, et al. 2021. Measurement of the passage of mycophenolic acid into breast milk in a patient with lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 100(3):711.
  • Intas Pharmaceuticals. Last updated Jan. 5, 2024. Mycophenolate mofetil drug label information. Available at URL: https://www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=741e079a-646b-47ec-84ac-8e12574c2aaf
  • Jones A, et al. 2013. Outcomes of pregnancies fathered by solid-organ transplant recipients exposed to mycophenolic acid products. Prog Transplant 23(2):153-157.
  • Khan F, et al. 2022. Fetal malformations associated with exposure to mycophenolic acid during the first trimester. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 9(3):171-173.
  • Kim M, et al. 2013. Mycophenolate fetal toxicity and risk evaluation and mitigation strategies. Am J Transplant 13(6):1383-1389.
  • King RW, et al. 2017. Pregnancy outcomes related to mycophenolate exposure in female kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 17(1):151-160.
  • Krutsch K, et al. 2023. Transfer of mycophenolic acid into human milk. J Nephrol 36:1715-7.
  • Martin MC, et al. 2014. Esophageal atresia and prenatal exposure to mycophenolate. Reprod Toxicol 50:117-121.
  • Martin- Moreno PL, et al. 2021. Paternal safety of the use of mycophenolic acid in kidney transplant recipients. Results of the EMVARON study. Clin Transplant 35(5):e14256.
  • Midtvedt K, et al. 2017. Exposure to mycophenolate and fatherhood. Transplantation 101(7);e214-217.
  • Perez-Aytes A, et al. 2017. Mycophenolate mofetil embryopathy: A newly recognized teratogenic syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 60(1):16-21.
  • Sifontis NM, et al. 2006. Pregnancy outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients with exposure to mycophenolate mofetil or sirolimus. Transplantation 82:1698-1702.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Referencias Seleccionadas:

  • Amgen, Inc. 2023. Otezla product label. https://www.pi.amgen.com/~/media/amgen/repositorysites/pi-amgen-com/otezla/otezla_pi_english.ashx. [Accessed February 2024].
  • Bangsgaard N, et al. 2015 Treating Psoriasis During Pregnancy: safety and efficacy of treatments. Am J Clin Dermatol. 16(5):389-98.
  • Celgene Corporation. 2015. Otezla product label. Accessed April 2020 https://www.pi.amgen.com/~/media/amgen/repositorysites/pi-amgen-com/otezla/otezla_pi_english.ashx
  • Hoffman MB, et al. 2015. Psoriasis during pregnancy: characteristics and important management recommendations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 11(6):709-20
  • Kaushik SB, et al. 2019. Psoriasis: Which therapy for which patient: Focus on special populations and chronic infections. J Am Acad Dermatol. 80(1):43-53.
  • Rademaker M,et al. 2018. Psoriasis in those planning a family, pregnant or breast-feeding. The Australasian Psoriasis Collaboration. Australas J Dermatol. 59(2):86-100
  • Saavedra MA, et al. 2018. Targeted drugs in spondyloarthritis during pregnancy and lactation. Pharmacol Res. 136:21-28.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Selected References:

  • Abdi N, et al. 2020. The effect of aspirin on preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm delivery among healthy pregnancies with a history of preeclampsia. J Chin Med Assoc 83(9):852-857.
  • Annals. 2014. Summaries for patients: aspirin to prevent preeclampsia-related complications and death: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 161(11): I28.
  • Bloor M, Paech M. 2013. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the initiation of lactation. Anesth Analg 116(5):1063-75.
  • Datta P, et al. 2017. Transfer of low dose aspirin into human milk. J Hum Lact 33(2):296-299.
  • Ellfolk M, Hultzsch S. 2015. Analgesics, antiphlogistics and anesthetics. In C Schaefer, P Peters, R Miller (Eds.), Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Treatment Options and Risk Assessment. 3rd ed. 653-655. London: Elsevier.
  • Grab D, et al. 2000. Effects of low-dose aspirin on uterine and fetal blood flow during pregnancy: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 15:19-27.
  • Hoffman MK, et al. 2024. Neurodevelopment of children whose mothers were randomized to low-dose aspirin during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1:1-8.
  • Kupka E, et al. 2023. Low-dose aspirin use in pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth: a Swedish register-based cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 228(3):336e1-336e9.
  • LeFevre ML, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. 2014. Low-dose aspirin use for the prevention of morbidity and mortality from preeclampsia: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 161(11):819-26.
  • Maher JE, et al. 1993. The effect of low-dose aspirin on fetal urine output and amniotic fluid volume. Am J Obstet Gynecol 169:885-8.
  • Malm H, Borish C. 2015. Analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), muscle relaxants, and antigout medications. In C Schaefer, P Peters, R Miller (Eds.), Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation: Treatment Options and Risk Assessment, 3rd ed. 27-32. London: Elsevier.
  • Marret, S. et. al. 2010. Prenatal Low-Dose Aspirin and Neurobehavioral Outcomes of Children Born Very Preterm. Pediatrics 125(1):e29-e34.
  • Martini A, et al. 2003. Analysis of semen from patients chronically treated with low or moderate doses of aspirin-like drugs. Fertil and Steril 80(1):221-222.
  • Mone F, McAuliffe FM. 2015. Preconception low-dose aspirin and pregnancy outcomes: results from the EAGeR randomized trial. Ir Med J. Jan;08(1):5.
  • Naimi A, et al. 2021. The Effect of Preconception-Initiated Low-Dose Aspirin on Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Detected Pregnancy, Pregnancy Loss, and Live Birth. Annals of Internal Medicine May;174(5):595-601.
  • Ostensen M, et al. 2006. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs and reproduction. Arthritis Res Ther 8(3):1-19.
  • Schisterman EF, et al. 2015. Preconception low dose aspirin and time to pregnancy: findings from the effects of aspirin in gestation and reproduction randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab May; 100(5):1785-91.
  • Spigset O, et al. 2000. Analgesics and breast-feeding: safety considerations. Paediatr Drugs 2(3):223-38.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Selected References:

  • Alothman R, et al. 2023. Leflunomide exposure through second trimester of pregnancy: A case report. Birth Defects Res 1;115(16):1566-1569.
  • Arava Prescribing Information. 2021. Available online at http://products.sanofi.us/arava/arava.html https://products.sanofi.us/arava/arava.pdf [accessed Dec 2015February 2024].
  • Bérard A, et al. 2018. Leflunomide use during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Ann Rheum Dis, 77(4):500-509.
  • Brent RL. 2001. Teratogen update: Reproductive risks of leflunomide (Arava); A pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor: Counseling women taking leflunomide before or during pregnancy and men taking leflunomide who are contemplating fathering a child. Teratology, 63:106-112.
  • Briggs G, et al. 2015. Leflunomide. Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation, A reference Guide to Fetal and Neonatal Risk, 10th edition (pp 781—784). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.
  • Cassina M, et al. 2012. Pregnancy outcome in women exposed to leflunomide before or during pregnancy. Arthritis Rheum, 64 (7):2085-94.
  • Chakravarty EF, et al. 2003. The use of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs in women with rheumatoid arthritis of childbearing age: a survey of practice patterns and pregnancy outcomes. J Rheumatol, 30:241-246.
  • Chambers CD, et al. 2010. Birth outcomes in pregnant women taking leflunomide. Arthritis Rheu, 62(5):1494-1503.
  • Chambers CD, et al. 2007. Are new agents used to treat rheumatoid arthritis safe to take during pregnancy? Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS) study. Motherisk Update, 53(3):409-412.
  • De Santis M, et al. 2005. Paternal and maternal exposure to leflunomide: pregnancy and neonatal outcome. Ann Rheum Dis, 64:1096-1097.
  • Henson LJ, et al. 2020. Pregnancy outcomes in patients treated with lefunomide, the parent compound of the multiple sclerosis drug teriflunomide. Reprod Toxicol, 95:45-50.
  • Levy RA, et al. 2016. Critical review of the current recommendations for the treatment of systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases during pregnancy and lactation. Autoimmun Rev, 15(10):955-963.
  • Schaefer C, et al. 2015. Immunosuppression, rheumatic diseases, multiple sclerosis, and Wilson’s disease: Leflunomide. In: Drugs during pregnancy and lactation: Treatment options and risk assessment, 3rd ed (pp 362-363)(pp 658-659). London: Academic Press.
  • Viktil KK, et al. 2012. Outcomes after anti-rheumatic drug use before and during pregnancy: a cohort study among 150,000 pregnant women and expectant fathers. Scand J Rheumatol, 41(3):196-201.
  • Weber-Schoendorfer C, et al. 2017. Leflunomide – A human teratogen? A still not answered question. An evaluation of the German Embryotox pharmacovigilance database. Reprod Toxicol. Aug;71:101-107.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
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