Topical Corticosteroids

Selected References:

  • Andersson NW et al 2021. Evaluation of topical corticosteroids use in pregnancy and risk of newborns being small for gestation al age and having low birth weight. JAMA Dermatol 157(7): 788-795. Doi10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.1090. 
  • Chan TC, et al. 2020. Taiwanese Dermatological Association consensus for the management of atopic dermatitis: A 2020 update. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 
  • Chi CC et al. 2013. Pregnancy outcomes after maternal exposure to topical corticosteroids: a UK population-based cohort study. JAMA Dermatol. 149(11):1274-1280.  
  • Chi CC, et al. 2015. Safety of topical corticosteroids in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (10):CD007346. 
  • Chi CC, et al. 2016. Safety of Topical Corticosteroids in Pregnancy. JAMA Dermatol. 152(8):934-5. 
  • Chi CC, et al. 2017. Updated evidence-based (S2e) European Dermatology Forum guideline on topical corticosteroids in pregnancy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 31(5):761-773.  
  • Hamann CR, et al. 2018. Pregnancy complications, treatment characteristics and birth outcomes in women with atopic dermatitis in Denmark. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. [Epub ahead of print]. 
  • Mygind H et al 2002. Risk of intrauterine growth retardation, malformations and other birth outcomes in children after topical use of corticosteroid pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 81(3):234-239. 
  • Stacey SK, McEleney M. 2021. Topical Corticosteroids: Choice and Application. Am Fam Physician; 103(6):337-343.  
  • Tyler KH. 2015. Dermatologic therapy in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 58(1):112-8.  
  • Vestergaard C, et al. 2019. European task force on atopic dermatitis position paper: treatment of parental atopic dermatitis during preconception, pregnancy and lactation period. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 33(9): 1644-1659  

 

Topical Corticosteroids

Selected References: 

  • Atmar RL, et al. 1992. Complications of measles during pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis; 14(1):217-26.  
  • American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). 2024. Red Book: 2024–2027 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Measles. pp 571 – 585. 
  • AAP. 2026. Red Book Online Outbreaks: Measles. Available at: https://publications.aap.org/redbook/resources/pdfDownload/15187. Accessed March 2026. 
  • Bloch AB, et al. 1985. Measles outbreak in a pediatric practice: airborne transmission in an office setting. Pediatrics; 75(4):676-83. 
  • Casalegno JS, et al. 2014. Measles in pregnancy in Lyon France, 2011. Int J Gynaecol Obstet; 126(3):248-51. 
  • Chen, W, et al. 2004. No evidence for links between autism, MMR, and measles virus. Psychol Med 34:543-553. 
  • Chiba ME, et al. 2003. Measles infection in pregnancy. J Infect; 47(1):40-4.  
  • Congera P, et al. 202. Measles in pregnant women: A systematic review of clinical outcomes and a meta-analysis of antibodies seroprevalence. J Infect; 80(2):152-160. 
  • Crecelius EM, Burnett MW. 2020. Measles (Rubeola): An Update. J Spec Oper Med; 20(2):136-138. 
  • Eberhart-Phillips JE, et al. 1993. Measles in pregnancy: a descriptive study of 58 cases. Obstet Gynecol; 82(5):797-801. 
  • Khalil A, et al. 2024. Pregnant women and measles: we need to be vigilant during outbreaks. EClinicalMedicine; 72:102594. 
  • Liang Q, et al. 2016. The influence of maternal exposure history to virus and medicine during pregnancy on congenital heart defects of fetus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int; 24(6):5628-5632.  
  • Garg RK, et al. 2023. Obstetric outcomes in pregnant women with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE): a systematic review of case reports and case series. Neurol Sci; 44(6):1959-1968.  
  • Jesperson CS, et al. 1977. Measles as a cause of fetal defects: a retrospective study of ten measles epidemics in Greenland. Acta Paediatr Scand; 66:367-78.  
  • Moss WJ. 2017. Measles. Lancet. 390(10111):2490-2502. 
  • Ogbuanu IU, et al. 2014. Maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes associated with measles during pregnancy: Namibia, 2009-2010. Clin Infect Dis; 58(8):1086-92.   
  • Rosa C. 1998. Rubella and rubeola. Semin Perinatol; 22(4):318-22.   
  • Siegel M, Fuerst HT. 1966. Low birth weight and maternal virus diseases. A prospective study of rubella, measles, mumps, chickenpox, and hepatitis. JAMA; 197(9):680-4.  
  • Signore C. 2001. Rubeola. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns; 8(4):138-140. 
  • Stein SJ, Greenspoon JS. 1991. Rubeola during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol; 78(5 Pt 2):925-9.  
  • Stoneman EK. 2025. Measles. JAMA; doi: 10.1001/jama.2025.14210.  
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC) 2019. Measles (Rubeola). https://www.cdc.gov/measles/. Accessed March 2026. 
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2021. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Chapter 13: Measles. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-13-measles.html. Accessed March 2026. 
  • Vega JS, et al, CDC. 2014. Notes from the field: measles transmission at a domestic terminal gate in an international airport – United States, January 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep; 63(50):1211.  

Topical Corticosteroids

Selected References:

  • Anderson KN, et al. 2020. ADHD medication use during pregnancy and risk for selected birth defects: national birth defects prevention study, 1998-2011. J Atten Disord, 24(3):479-489. 
  • Bang Madsen K., et al. 2025. In utero exposure to methylphenidate, amphetamines and atomoxetine and offspring neurodevelopmental disorders – a population-based cohort study and meta-analysis. Molecular psychiatry, 30(9), 3885–3894. 
  • Benassayag Kaduri N, et al. 2024. Amphetamine use for attention deficit hyperactive disorder during breastfeeding and children’s neurodevelopmental outcomes: A pilot study. Psychiatry research, 339, 116047.  
  • Cohen JM, et al. 2017. Placental complications associated with psychostimulant use in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 130(6):1192-1201. 
  • Golub M, et al. 2005. NTP CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of amphetamine and methamphetamine. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol, 74(6):471-584. 
  • Hasan SA, et al., 2026. Prescription Stimulant Continuation in Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes. Journal of attention disorders, 30(3), 315–328. 
  • Huybrechts KF, et al. 2018. Association between methylphenidate and amphetamine use in pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations: a cohort study from the international pregnancy safety study consortium. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(2):167-175. 
  • Ilett KF, et al. 2007. Transfer of dexamphetamine into breast milk during treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 63(3):371-375. 
  • Naeye RL, 1983. Maternal use of dextroamphetamine and growth of the fetus. Pharmacology, 26(2):117-120. 
  • Newport DJ, et al. 2016. Prenatal psychostimulant and antidepressant exposure and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Clin Psychiatry. 77(11):1538-45.  
  • Norby U et al. 2017. Perinatal outcomes after treatment with ADHD medication during pregnancy. Pediatrics 140(6).  
  • Ornoy A, 2018. Pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy and lactation. Pharm Res, 35:46 
  • Öhman I, et al. 2015. Narcolepsy treated with racemic amphetamine during pregnancy and breastfeeding. J Hum Lact 31:374-6. 
  • Pham MN, et al. 2022. The adverse association between stimulant use for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and semen parameters. Andrologia, 54(2), e14315. 
  • Poulton AS et al. 2018. Perinatal outcomes of women diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An Australian population-based cohort study. CNS Drugs 32(4):377-386. 
  • Rastegar-Pouyani N., et al. 2025. Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine and Its Association With Birth Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Birth defects research, 117(7), e2488 
  • Rose SJ, et al., 2020. Amphetamine–dextroamphetamine and pregnancy: neonatal outcomes after prenatal prescription mixed amphetamine exposure. Journal of Attention Disorders, 25(9):1295-1301. 
  • Russell DJ, et al. 2024. Investigating maternal and neonatal health outcomes associated with continuing or ceasing dexamphetamine treatment for women with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Womens Ment Health; 27(5):785-794.  
  • Srinivas C, et al. 2025. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use in pregnancy and risk of miscarriage. The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science, 1–7.  
  • Srinivas, C, et al. 2025. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 10.1111/ppe.70031. 
  • Suarez EA, et al. 2024. Prescription Stimulant Use During Pregnancy and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children. JAMA psychiatry, 81(5), 477–488. 
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2017. Vyvanse ® (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate). [Accessed 3/2026]. from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf.  

 

Topical Corticosteroids

Selected References:

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2025. About RSV. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/about/index.html. Accessed 4 March 2026. 
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. RSV Vaccine Guidance for Pregnant Women. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/hcp/vaccine-clinical-guidance/pregnant-people.html. Accessed 4 March 2026. 
  • DeSilva M. 2025. Prenatal RSVpreF Vaccine Safety 2023–2024 Respiratory Season: The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Presented at: Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP); June 25, 2025; Atlanta, Georgia. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/acip/downloads/slides-2025-06-25-26/04a-DeSilva-Mat-Peds-RSV-508.pdf. Accessed 4 March 2026.  
  • Fleming-Dutra KE, et al. 2023. Use of the Pfizer respiratory syncytial virus vaccine during pregnancy for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus-associated lower respiratory tract disease in infants: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices—United States, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep; 72(41):1115-1122. 
  • Kampmann B, et al. 2023. Bivalent prefusion F vaccine in pregnancy to prevent RSV illness in infants. N Engl J Med; 388:1451-146. 
  • Marchand GJ, et al. 2024. RSVpreF vaccination in pregnancy: a meta-analysis of maternal-fetal safety and infant efficacy. Obstet Gynecol Sci 67(6): 511-524. 
  • Michnick AI, et al. 2026. Interim safety of RSVpreF vaccination during pregnancy. JAMA. 335(5):456–459. 
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2023 (Revised 2025). AbrysvoTM Prescribing Information. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/168889/download. Accessed 4 March 2026. 
  • Son M, et al. 2024. Nonadjuvanted bivalent respiratory syncytial virus vaccination and perinatal outcomes. JAMA Netw Open; 7(7):e2419268.  

 

 

Topical Corticosteroids

Selected References:

  • Anderson PO. 2021. Monoclonal antibodies during breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med; 16(8):591-593.  
  • Jang W, et al. 2025. Use of biologics to treat asthma during pregnancy and adverse events in pregnant women and newborns: A global pharmacovigilance analysis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol; 186(9):875-888. 
  • Kasuya A, et al. 2019. Successful control of severe eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in pregnancy and perinatal period: A use of mepolizumab. The Journal of Dermatology; 46(9):e309-e311. 
  • Marques Simões J, et al. 2026. Safety and Efficacy of Mepolizumab during Pregnancy and Postpartum. Acta Med Port; 39(3):239-240.  
  • Nucala® Prescribing Information. Revised 1/2022. Available online at: https://gskpro.com/content/dam/global/hcpportal/en_US/Prescribing_Information/Nucala/pdf/NUCALA-PI-PIL-IFU-COMBINED.PDF.  
  • Ramos CL, Namazy J. 2023. Monoclonal antibodies (biologics) for allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis during pregnancy and lactation. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am; 43(1):187-197.  
  • Shakuntulla F, Chiarella SE. 2022. Safety of biologics for atopic diseases during pregnancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract; 10(12):3149-3155. 
  • Sitek AN, et al. 2023. Risks and safety of biologics: A practical guide for allergists. World Allergy Organ J; 16(1):100737. 
  • Smith DA, et al. 2011. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mepolizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody. Clin Pharmacokinet; 50(4):215-227.  
  • Vittorakis SK, et al. 2022. Successful and safe treatment of severe steroid depended eosinophilic asthma with mepolizumab in a woman during pregnancy. Respir Med Case Rep; 28;41:101785. 
Topical Corticosteroids
March 1, 2026		 trang {PAGENO} / {PAGETOTAL}