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• Alexander EK, et al. 2017. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid 27(3):315-389. 
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology. 2020. Thyroid disease in pregnancy. ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 223. Obstet Gynecol 135(6):e261-e274. 
• Andersen SL, et al. 2013. Birth Defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: A Danish nationwide study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(11):4374-4381.  
• Andersen SL, et al. 2017. Birth Defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: A Swedish nationwide study. Euro J Endocrinol 177(4):369-378. 
• Andersen SL and Andersen S. 2020. Antithyroid drugs and birth defects. Thyroid Res. 13:11. 
• Bahn RS, et al. 2009. The role of propylthiouracil in the management of Graves’ disease in adults: Report of a meeting jointly sponsored by the American Thyroid Association and the Food and Drug Administration. Thyroid 19(7):673-674.  
• Bhagat M, et al. 2023. Effects of Methimazole vs Propylthiouracil in Newborns: A Comparative Review. Cureus. 15(7):e41505.  
• Burrow GN, et al. 1968. Children exposed in utero to propylthiouracil. Subsequent intellectual and physical development. Am J Dis Child 116: 161-166 
• Burrow GN et al. 1978. Intellectual Development in Children Whose Mothers Received Propylthiouracil During Pregnancy. Yale J Biol Med. 51(2): 151–156. 
• Burrow GN, Boro ES. 1978. Hyperthyroidism during Pregnancy. N Engl J Med 298(3):150-153. 
• Chen CH, et al. 2011. Risk of adverse outcomes with antithyroid treatment during pregnancy: A nationwide population-based study. BJOG. 118:1365-1373, 
• Cuff, RD. 2019. Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy: A clinical approach. Clin Obstet Gynecol 62(2):320-329.  
• Einstein Z, et al. 1992. Intellectual capacity of subjects exposed to methimazole or propylthiouracil in utero. Eur J Pediatr 151:558-559.  
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• Howley MM, et al. 2017. Thyroid medication use and birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res 109(18):1471-1481.  
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• Miao Y, et al. 2022. Efficacy of propylthiouracil in the treatment of pregnancy with hyperthyroidism and its effect on pregnancy outcomes: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 17(3): e0265085.  
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• Prunty JJ, et al. 2016. Graves’ disease pharmacotherapy in women of reproductive age. Pharmacotherapy 36(1):64-83.  
• Romeo AF and Obican SG. 2020. Teratogen Update: Antithyroid Medications. Birth Defects Res. 112(15):1150-1170. 
• Rosenfeld H, et al. 2009. Pregnancy outcomes, thyroid dysfunction and fetal goitre after in utero exposure to propylthiouracil: a controlled cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 68(4):609-617. 
• Schurmann L, et al. 2016. Pregnancy outcomes after fetal exposure to antithyroid medications or levothyroxine. Early Human Development 101:73-77. 
• Seo GH, et al. 2018. Antithyroid drugs and congenital malformations: A nationwide Korean cohort study. Ann Intern Med 168(6):405-413.  
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Selected References:

• Auyeung-Kima DJ, et al. 2009. Developmental and peripostnatal study in cynomolgus monkeys with belimumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against B-lymphocyte stimulator. Reproductive Toxicology, 28:443-455.
• Beaulieu DB, et al. 2018. Use of biologic therapy by pregnant women with inflammatory bowel disease does not affect infant response to vaccines. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 16(1):99–105.
• Benlysta® Prescribing Information. 2023. Available online at https://gskpro.com/content/dam/global/hcpportal/en_US/Prescribing_Information/Benlysta/pdf/BENLYSTA-PI-MG-IFU.PDF.
• 2013. Use of intravenous (IV) benlysta in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As cited in Ostensen M. 2014. Safety issues of biologics in pregnant patients with rheumatic diseases. Ann NY Acad Sci, 1317:32-38.
• Julsgaard M, et al. 2016. Concentrations of adalimumab and infliximab in mothers and newborns, and effects on infection. Gastroenterology, 151:110-119.
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• Miller RK, et al. 2014. ABSTRACT. Preliminary data from the Belimumab Pregnancy Registry: international prospective cohort study of pregnancy outcomes. OTIS/ENTIS meeting, Toronto, Canada.
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• Vela-Casasempere, P, et al. 2024. Considering belimumab during pregnancy: a more viable option over time. Lupus 33(7): 700-715.

Selected References:

• Ching, NS, et al. 2019. Prospective surveillance of pediatric invasive group A streptococcus infection. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 8:46-52.
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• Zayek MM, et al. 2002. Breast milk as a major source for “late onset” GBS infection in preterm infants. Pediatr Res 51:304A.

Selected References:

• No authors listed. 2024. Bimekizumab (Bimzelx) for psoriasis. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 22;66(1694):11-13.
• Product Information: BIMZELX(R) subcutaneous injection, bimekizumab subcutaneous injection. UCB Inc (per FDA), Smyrna, GA, 2023. https://www.bimzelx.com/prescribing-information.pdf.

Selected References:

• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2019. ACOG Committee Opinion, number 782. Prevention of Group B Streptococcal early-onset disease in newborns: 2019. Obstet Gynecol, 134(1):e19-e40.
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• Oghbaei H, et al. 2020. Effects of bacteria on male fertility: spermatogenesis and sperm function. Life Sciences 256: 117891.
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• Verani JR, et al; Division of Bacterial Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2010. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease–revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 59(RR-10):1-36.