By Lori Wolfe, Certified Genetic Counselor at MotherToBaby North Texas

Did you know that the month of March is green tea month? Green tea has been said to have many health benefits, including: preventing memory loss, promoting bone health, decreasing risk of cancer, increasing dental health, reducing the chance of getting type 2 diabetes, and helping us lose weight. Green tea is loaded with nutrients and antioxidants, and has been said to be “the healthiest beverage on the planet.” So, given all of this wonderful news, who wouldn’t want to join Lucky the Leprechaun in the month of March and enjoy a cup of green tea?

As an information specialist with MotherToBaby, I recently had a pregnant mom named Lynn text me, asking: “Can you drink green tea if you take your prenatal vitamin later? How much does green tea impact folic acid absorption? I am in my first trimester and have had some green tea throughout pregnancy, and I am now worried about it impacting my folic acid absorption.” Wow, I thought, that is a great question! As the MotherToBaby specialist on the other side of the text, I started researching her questions so that I could give her the most up-to-date information out there.

First, let’s talk about folic acid: what is it and why is it important to pregnant women?
We all need folic acid every day in our bodies to help make new cells. Folic acid is a synthetic form of Vitamin B9, also known as folate. It is very important to take enough folic acid just before and during pregnancy. Many studies have shown that taking the recommended daily allowance of 400 micrograms per day during pregnancy reduces the chance that the baby will have serious birth defects of the spine and brain, called neural tube defects (NTD).

So what’s the connection between drinking green tea, folic acid, and pregnancy?
Green tea contains something called catechins, which have been shown to partially prevent the cells in the intestines from absorbing folic acid. Studies have shown that when women are drinking a lot of green tea, they have lower levels of folate in their system. That means there is less folic acid that can cross the placenta and get to the baby, and the baby can thus be at a higher risk for having a NTD. This can occur when a pregnant woman is drinking more than three cups of tea per day. Green tea and some forms of black tea such as Oolong tea can be high in catechins. Taking a daily prenatal vitamin has been shown to reduce this possible risk in heavy tea drinkers.

Another concern with drinking green tea during pregnancy is the caffeine content.
The good news is that green tea contains less caffeine than coffee (about 20 to 50 mg of caffeine per cup in green tea verses an average of 100 mg of caffeine per cup in coffee). Moderate levels of caffeine (about 200 mg/day) have not been shown to increase any risks in pregnancy. See our MotherToBaby fact sheet for more information on caffeine and pregnancy at https://mothertobaby.org/fact-sheets/caffeine-pregnancy/. Women may want to limit their tea consumption during the first trimester when the baby’s neural tube is developing to avoid the chance of decreasing absorption of folic acid. After this point, drinking one cup of green tea per day has not been shown to increase any risks for the baby.

I counseled Lynn that she can enjoy a cup of green tea now and then, as occasionally drinking green or black tea has not been shown to increase the risk for any problems during pregnancy. So, raise that cup of green tea along with Lucky the Leprechaun and enjoy “going green” in the month of March!

If you have questions about exposures during pregnancy or breastfeeding, contact an expert at MotherToBaby. You can reach us by phone at 866-626-6847 or by text at 855-999-3525. You can also email or live chat with us by visiting https://MotherToBaby.org.

Lori Wolfe, CGC, is a board certified Genetic Counselor and the Director of MotherToBaby’s North Texas affiliate. MotherToBaby aims to educate women about medications and more during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Along with answering women’s and health professionals’ questions regarding exposures during pregnancy/breastfeeding via MotherToBaby’s toll-free number, text line and by email, Wolfe also teaches at the University of North Texas, provides educational talks regarding pregnancy health in community clinics and high schools.

About MotherToBaby
MotherToBaby is a service of the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS), suggested resources by many agencies including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). If you have questions about exposures during pregnancy and breastfeeding, please call MotherToBaby toll-FREE at 866-626-6847 or try out MotherToBaby’s new text information service by texting questions to (855) 999-3525. You can also visit MotherToBaby.org to browse a library of fact sheets about dozens of viruses, medications, vaccines, alcohol, diseases, or other exposures during pregnancy and breastfeeding or connect with all of our resources by downloading the new MotherToBaby free app, available on Android and iOS markets.

References:
Gunners, Kris, https://www.healthline.com, 1/17/18.

“Folic Acid, Key Points,” www.marchofdimes.org, 2/18.

Rongwei, Ye et al, “Tea Drinking as a Risk Factor for Neural Tube Defects in Northern China, Epidemiology, Volk 22, No 4, July 2011. Yazdy, Mahsa et al,
“Maternal Tea Consumption during Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Spina Bifida”, Birth Defects Research (Part A), Clinical and Molecular Teratology 94:56-76, 2012.

“Why to go Easy on the Green Tea During Pregnancy,” Neifeild, Rachel, RD. CDN, www.babymed.com, 2/23/18.

Brentwood, TN – In a move that was several decades in the making, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has published a final rule that requires prescription drugs and biological products include more detailed labeling about their risks during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS), the professional society that provides the MotherToBaby service and conducts observational research about exposures during pregnancy and breastfeeding, will provide additional support as health care providers and the public look to understand the new labels.

Up until the ruling announcement today, drug companies were required to use a category system to communicate risk of drugs or biological products during pregnancy. Since the implementation of this category system, the FDA has researched the system’s impact, concluding it to be overly simplistic and confusing. The category system will begin to be phased out and pharmaceutical companies will be required to provide detailed risk information about the drugs, as well as relevant research, specific to pregnancy and breastfeeding.

“We know well that there is a plethora of information out there about these drugs and companies have chosen to not include that information for whatever reason. Now, they have to,” said Sandra Kweder, M.D., deputy director of the FDA’s Office of New Drugs in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), during today’s announcement.

The impact of a drug on breast milk will also have a dedicated section on the new labels, including whether medication gets into breast milk and whether it might affect the infant or not. In addition, the new labeling will include a section describing a medication’s potential impact on fertility, birth control and any relevant pregnancy registry information.

“There will be a steep learning curve for clinicians and patients to feel comfortable with more detailed information as opposed to the simple letter category,” said Christina Chambers, PHD, MPH, OTIS member and director of UC San Diego’s Center for the Promotion of Maternal Health and Infant Development, the hub of where MotherToBaby pregnancy studies conducted by OTIS is located. “The MotherToBaby toll-free service can help,” she added.

According to the FDA, there are 6 million pregnancies in the U.S. each year. In addition, pregnant women take an average of three to five prescription drugs during pregnancy. Those with pre-existing and chronic conditions, such as asthma or autoimmune diseases, often need to continue their medications during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. “Our hope is that the new labeling will help health care providers better understand the risks and benefits of these drugs so they can discuss the options with their pregnant and breastfeeding patients,” said Chambers. “This is a huge step forward — and will make even clearer how critical the need is for more human pregnancy data for all medications likely to be used by women of reproductive age.”

Chambers has also acted as a consultant for the FDA on issues related to communication of risk both to patients and providers. “Through the MotherToBaby service that OTIS provides, we’re hoping to help the public understand the information provided on the new labels, as well as enroll participants into various observational research studies, the results of which will add even more useful information to the data.”

Kweder echoed this importance. “Organizations like OTIS need to continue making sure its research gets published,” she said.

MotherToBaby and OTIS are also suggested resources by many agencies including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). They are dedicated to providing evidence-based information to mothers, health care professionals, and the general public about medications and other exposures during pregnancy and while breastfeeding. Anyone wishing to receive a personalized risk assessment of drugs or other exposures can be connected with a MotherToBaby expert toll-FREE via its phone counseling service (866) 626-6847 or online at MotherToBaby.org.

MotherToBaby is currently conducting various research studies during pregnancy, including asthma, autoimmune diseases, and vaccines. To learn more, volunteer for a study, or refer a patient, please call (866) 626-6847 or visit the Fact Sheets page.

Media Contact: Nicole Chavez, 619-368-3259, nchavez@mothertobaby.org. Interviews in Spanish can also be arranged.

By Lauren Kozlowski, MSW, MPH, MotherToBaby Georgia

Carly called and I could hear the stress in her voice immediately. She had been smoking marijuana on weekends and having a glass of wine most evenings with her dinner.  She just found out she was pregnant with her fifth child.  Carly knew her baby could suffer if she did not change her use of alcohol and marijuana. Carly was scared, so she contacted MotherToBaby.  We were able to discuss what kinds of risk the substances she had used may have, and I shared information with her that she could talk to her doctor about. Carly’s story immediately came to mind when talking about Birth Defects Prevention Month’s Tip ❺: Boost your health by avoiding harmful substances during pregnancy, such as alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and other drugs.

Alcohol

Alcohol is actively advertised as a way to relax after a hard day, and it’s almost always a part of celebrations.  Alcohol is legal to purchase in any amount for most adults 21 and older, making it very accessible.  Changing your lifestyle to not drink any alcohol during pregnancy may seem hard, but it is worth it for the health of your developing baby.  Though having one drink likely does not mean your baby will automatically have health problems, no amount of alcohol has been proven safe during pregnancy. This means that not drinking alcohol at all during pregnancy is your best bet.  Alcohol can cause a range of issues for the health of your child.  Some are physical birth defects, while others are related to controlling emotions effectively and learning abilities.  Some of these issues last long after birth and can have lifelong effects on your child.

Cigarettes  & e-cigarettes

Smoking and the use of tobacco products are activities that many associate with stress reduction and, like alcohol, can be hard to stop. Cigarette smoke contains more than 4,000 chemicals and toxins, including nicotine, tar, arsenic, lead, and carbon monoxide. Some of these chemicals cross the placenta and lower the amount of oxygen and food available for a developing baby.  Babies born to mothers who smoke are at increased risk for being born too small (with low birthweight) and prematurely (before 37 weeks of pregnancy).   Babies born too small and too early are more likely than other babies to have health complications and may need to stay in the hospital longer. Some studies suggest that babies born to moms who smoke are at risk of having an oral cleft, a birth defect where the lip or roof of the mouth does not fully close. Not smoking is best for you and your baby during pregnancy.  Every little bit counts, so even reducing the amount can be helpful to your baby!

In comparison to traditional cigarettes, we know very little about the safety of e-cigarettes (or vaping) during pregnancy. This is because e-cigarettes are largely unregulated, and little research has been done on them. While some moms-to-be may view e-cigarettes as safer alternatives than traditional cigarettes, e-cigarette solutions contain several of the same reproductive or developmental toxins that are found in traditional cigarettes, like nicotine, cadmium and lead. So until more studies have been done on the safety/risk of e-cigarettes, it is best for moms-to-be not to use them.

Marijuana and other street drugs

Another way to boost your health during pregnancy is to not use harmful drugs. For example, women may think marijuana may help with nausea and vomiting (morning sickness).  Though we still need more research, studies in animals have shown that exposure to marijuana in the womb may harm a baby’s brain development.  Marijuana is unregulated in most places, so you don’t know what may be in it – certain chemicals, pesticides or other drugs may cross the placenta and impact your baby. In addition to smoking marijuana, using substances that include THC (the active ingredient in marijuana), such as edibles and oils, carries the same potential to affect a baby’s brain development. No amount of marijuana or THC has been proven safe to use during pregnancy.

Other street drugs, like cocaine, heroin, LSD, MDMA (ecstasy or Molly), and methamphetamine, also are harmful during pregnancy. Using these kinds of drugs during pregnancy increases a baby’s risk for miscarriage, preterm birth, birth defects and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). NAS is a group of conditions caused when a baby withdraws from certain drugs she’s exposed to in the womb before birth. NAS is most often caused when a woman takes drugs called opioids during pregnancy.  Not a single one of these drugs has a beneficial effect on pregnancy or a developing baby – so for your baby’s sake as well as your own, a drug-free pregnancy is a healthier pregnancy.

It is important to realize that giving birth to a baby with ten fingers and ten toes – who looks healthy at birth – is not the end of the story.  Effects caused by the use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs during pregnancy can take a while to show.  As a child develops and reaches or fails to reach developmental milestones, only then is it possible to evaluate the long-term effects of prenatal substance exposure on things like the ability to learn and manage emotions.  While every pregnancy carries some risk that is out of anyone’s control, we want to encourage women to focus on areas of their health that they do have some control over. Taking care of yourself and your health means a healthier baby.  Doing what you can to boost your health by avoiding harmful substances during pregnancy is a great place to start!

If you are struggling with substance addiction, talk to your health care provider. You can also find help and treatment referrals by visiting the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) website or by calling their national helpline, 1-800-662-HELP (4357).

Lauren Kozlowski, MSW, MPH is serving as the Program Coordinator for MotherToBaby Georgia. She graduated from Boston University with both a Masters of Social Work and a Masters of Public Health. She has experience working with families in both an educational setting, as well as in housing and health, allowing her to recognize the multiple factors contributing to the ability of women and children to thrive. She enjoys living in Atlanta and exploring what the city has to offer.

About MotherToBaby

MotherToBaby is a service of the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS), suggested resources by many agencies including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). If you have questions about exposures during pregnancy and breastfeeding, please call MotherToBaby toll-FREE at 866-626-6847 or try out MotherToBaby’s new text information service by texting questions to (855) 999-3525. You can also visit MotherToBaby.org to browse a library of fact sheets about dozens of viruses, medications, vaccines, alcohol, diseases, or other exposures during pregnancy and breastfeeding or connect with all of our resources by downloading the new MotherToBaby free app, available on Android and iOS markets.

 

 

By Chelsea Flores

Reviewed by Elizabeth Salas, MPH

Are you currently pregnant? Are you aware of the risk of pertussis to your baby?

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a serious problem throughout California. Public health officials confirm our state is currently experiencing a pertussis epidemic. In 2010, there were more pertussis cases in California than had been reported in over 60 years with approximately 9,000 cases including 10 infant deaths. In 2014 10,831 cases were reported. The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) January 7, 2015 Pertussis Report states that of the 376 cases requiring hospitalization, 227 (60%) were babies less than 4 months of age. The two deaths reported in 2014 were babies less than 6 weeks of age. Unfortunately, babies are among the most vulnerable, but there are things you can do to protect your baby.

What Every Pregnant Woman Should Know About Pertussis

What is Pertussis?

Pertussis is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium bordetella pertussis. This germ can be transferred from an infected person to an uninfected person through coughing, sneezing, or having close contact with someone infected. Pertussis is very contagious and can cause serious illness. It can affect any person at any age, but is more commonly reported in infants and the elderly.

At first pertussis may resemble a cold, but the symptoms change over time. Within 1-3 weeks after being infected, the person will have a rapid cough leading to difficulties in breathing. After coughing for seconds to minutes, they will make a “whooping” sound as they try to catch their breath. It can take weeks or even months before a person recovers from this infection. However, this infection may be prevented by vaccinating.

Why is pertussis a concern for newborns?

Newborns are at a higher risk of getting pertussis because their immune systems are weaker and not as capable of fighting off infections. In addition, they cannot receive their first pertussis vaccine until they are at least 6 weeks of age. Newborns infected with pertussis are at risk of being hospitalized, depending on the severity of the illness and can experience life-threatening symptoms. According to the CDC, in babies who are hospitalized for pertussis, studies suggest that 1 in 4 of these babies get pneumonia, 2 in 3 will experience apnea (slowed or stopped breathing), 1-2 per 100 will have convulsions, 1 in 300 experience encephalopathy (disease of the brain), and 1-2 per 100 babies hospitalized will die.

What can a pregnant woman do to protect her newborn?

Vaccinating during pregnancy is the best tool we have to protect moms and babies against pertussis. When mom receives the vaccine during pregnancy, it provides protection for the newborn. Mom can transfer protective antibodies (proteins that protect against pertussis) to the baby during pregnancy, which helps protect the newborn in the first 6-8 weeks when they are too young to get vaccinated. This vaccine will also help the mother by keeping her healthy and decreasing the chances of her spreading pertussis to her infant. It is important to get vaccinated during every pregnancy because over time levels of antibodies will start to decrease. In order to transfer the highest levels of antibodies to your baby, vaccination late in pregnancy is ideal.

It is also very important that new moms vaccinate their newborns against pertussis at 6-8 weeks rather than delaying vaccination. The longer mom waits to vaccinate, the longer her baby is vulnerable.

Is this vaccine safe during pregnancy?

The Tdap vaccine is an inactivated vaccine. This means the vaccine is made of particles of killed bacteria. It does not contain a live virus. There is no risk of contracting the infection from the vaccine, unlike vaccines that contain live viruses or bacteria. Currently the published information on vaccination against pertussis in pregnancy has not found an increased risk for problems in pregnancy or for the newborn. In every pregnancy, there is a 3-5% chance of having a baby with a birth defect regardless of exposures in pregnancy. This is known as the background risk. Vaccination against pertussis during pregnancy has not been shown to increase the risk of birth defects above the background risk that already exists in every pregnancy.

In 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended the pertussis vaccine for pregnant women. The update in October of 2012, recommended that pregnant women, regardless of vaccination history, should receive the Tdap vaccine in every pregnancy. The optimal time to administer the vaccine is between 27-36 weeks gestation to maximize benefits to mom and baby. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Committee on Obstetric Practice also supports the recommendations.

What can family and friends do to help protect a newborn?

Staying up to date with pertussis vaccination is important, especially since adults may not know they are infected or may confuse pertussis with a common cold. “Cocooning” is a strategy recommended to protect the newborn. “Cocooning” refers to the vaccination of those who will be in close contact with the baby (dad, siblings, grandparents, and caretakers) in order to reduce the chance baby will be exposed to pertussis. Newborns are more likely to get pertussis from a family member or by having close contact with an infected person, especially when that person has not been vaccinated. Anyone not up to date with pertussis vaccines should be vaccinated at least 2 weeks before coming in contact with the infant to ensure their bodies have had enough time to develop immunity.

The Bottom Line for Expecting Moms and Their Families

Getting the vaccine does not necessarily mean that you or your baby are not at risk of being infected. While adults, who have been vaccinated, can still get pertussis, the infection is usually less severe. Vaccinating can reduce the chances you and your baby will get pertussis. Contact your doctor for more information about getting vaccinated. According to the Immunization Branch of the CDPH, even a single dose of the DTaPvaccine may provide some protection against severe pertussis disease in babies.

Chelsea Flores is currently a senior at High Tech High North County. She will be applying to colleges this fall and has worked with MotherToBaby California as a student intern. She is considering a career in the medical field and is interested in obstetrics and gynecology.

Elizabeth Salas is the Lead Teratology Information Specialist for MotherToBaby California, a non-profit that provides information to healthcare providers and the general public about medications and more during pregnancy and breastfeeding. She is based at the University of California, San Diego, and is passionate about the work MotherToBaby is doing to promote healthy moms, healthy pregnancies and healthy babies.

 

 

 

Download the Tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis and Tdap Vaccine and Pregnancy fact sheet and other fact sheets by MotherToBaby (also available in Spanish) at

http://www.mothertobabyca.org/resources/fact-sheets/

For the latest information on pertussis in California, visit the California Department of Public Health Pertussis Summary Reports at http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Pages/PertussisSummaryReports.aspx

Additional information about pertussis is available at the following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention link at http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/materials/pregnant.html

References:

1. Committee Opinion Number 566 June 2013, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Committee on Obstetric Practice. Web. 21 January 2015. <http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Update-on-Immunization-and-Pregnancy-Tetanus-Diphtheria-and-Pertussis-Vaccination>
2. “Pertussis Summary Report 2015-1-7.” California Department of Public Health, Pertussis Summary Reports, 7 January 2015. Web. 21 January 2015. <http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Pages/PertussisSummaryReports.aspx>
3. “Pertussis (Whooping Cough).” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 15 Jan. 2013. Web. 04 June 2014. <http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/complications.html>.
4. “Prevention.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 13 Feb. 2014. Web. 04 June 2014. <http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/prevention/index.html>.
5. “Protect Babies from Whooping Cough (Pertussis).” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 10 Feb. 2014. Web. 04 June 2014. <http://www.cdc.gov/features/pertussis>.

 

 

The MotherToBaby Podcast Is A New ‘Must-Have’ Resource for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Moms

BRENTWOOD, TN – From herbal supplements in pregnancy to marijuana in breastfeeding, “no topic is off-limits,” describes Chris Stallman, a certified genetic counselor and host of the new MotherToBaby Podcast launching May 8, just ahead of Mother’s Day. The episode series will be available on iTunes and podcatcher services everywhere and promises to deliver evidence-based information about exposures during pregnancy and breastfeeding in a relatable format – from one mom to another.

Stallman, a mother of three including a toddler, takes calls on the show from the general public about exposures, like essential oils and medications for mental health disorders, during pregnancy, breastfeeding, pre-pregnancy and adoption. Stallman, as well as the various guest experts joining her on each episode, are teratogen information specialists – trained professionals in understanding and communicating environmental risks that may be associated with birth defects, adverse pregnancy outcomes and/or effects on the nursing infant. “I’ve been there with three pregnancies and tons of questions, so we want those who call in to our show to feel welcome,” explained Stallman. “We provide a judgment-free zone where callers will not only feel comfortable asking anything about a particular exposure during pregnancy or breastfeeding, but they’ll have the opportunity to get answers directly from experts actively involved in the research surrounding that particular topic,” explained Stallman.

The MotherToBaby Podcast is the latest platform provided by the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS), the scientific non-profit society behind MotherToBaby’s no-cost services. MotherToBaby has been able to embark on new outreach efforts to reach underserved populations and launch new communication initiatives, such as The MotherToBaby Podcast through a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration, as well as through the generous donations made by the public. The four-episode launch beginning May 8^th will focus on:

1. Essential Oils and Herbal Supplements
2. Beauty Products
3. Marijuana
4. Maternal Mental Health

The new podcast can easily be found on iTunes, Google Play, Spotify, Stitcher and podcatcher services everywhere by searching “MotherToBaby.” Listeners can be alerted to new episodes by subscribing to the series.

The MotherToBaby Podcast has also been selected to be part of the Parents on Demand (POD) Network, which has a free app available on iOS and Android. The POD Network is a collection of podcasts with content specifically created for parents and families. “The shows on our network help guide families through the various stages of life,” said Sunny Gault, Founder and Network Director. “The addition of The MotherToBaby Podcast is the perfect must-have resource for anyone looking for evidence-based information on exposures during pregnancy, while planning a pregnancy or while breastfeeding.”

More about OTIS and MotherToBaby

The Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS) is a professional scientific society made up of individuals engaged in assessing and evaluating risks to pregnancy and breastfeeding from environmental exposures. Members include, but are not limited to, specialists in the fields of: obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, genetics, dysmorphology, perinatal epidemiology, teratology, behavioral teratology, pharmacy, genetic counseling, nursing, midwifery, maternal and child health, public health, and includes experts that provide MotherToBaby services and researchers that conduct MotherToBaby Pregnancy Studies. MotherToBaby is a suggested resource by many federal agencies including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). To be connected with a MotherToBaby expert, please call (866) 626-6847, text questions to (855) 999-3525 (standard messaging rates might apply, check with your carrier) or visit www.MotherToBaby.org.

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Media Contact: Nicole Chavez, 619-368-3259, nchavez@MotherToBaby.org.