Selected References:
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- Davis RL, et al. 2011. Risks of congenital malformations and perinatal events among infants exposed to calcium channel and beta-blockers during pregnancy. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf; 20:138-145.
- Kubota K, et al. 2023. Alpha/beta- and beta-blocker exposure in pregnancy and the risk of neonatal hypoglycemia and small for gestational age. Circ J; 87: 569-577.
- Lennestal R, et al. 2009. Maternal use of antihypertensive drugs in early pregnancy and delivery outcome, notably the presence of congenital heart defects in the infants. Eur J Clin Pharmacol; 65(6): 615-625.
- McCowan LM, et al. 1996. Perinatal morbidity in chronic hypertension. Br J Obstet Gynecol; 103:123–129.
- Ray JG, et al. 2001. McMaster outcome study of hypertension in pregnancy. Early Hum Dev; 64:129–143.
- Rey E, Couturier A. 1994. The prognosis of pregnancy in women with chronic hypertension. Am J Obst Gynecol; 181:410–416.
- Sibal BM, et al. 2000. Preterm delivery in women with pregestational diabetes or chronic hypertension relative to women with uncomplicated pregnancies. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development – Fetal Medicine Units Network. Am J Obst Gynecol; 183:1520–1524.
- Tanaka K, et al. 2016. Beta-blockers and fetal growth restriction in pregnant women with cardiovascular disease. Circ J; 80: 2221-2226.
- Waylis Therapeutics LLC. 2025. Coreg Product Label. Available at: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm. Accessed 12 June 2026.
- Yakoob MY, et al. 2013. The risk of congenital malformations associated with exposures to beta-blockers early in pregnancy: A meta-analysis. Hypertension; 62(2): 375-381.
