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Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

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Lithium

Selected References:

  • Ahmadi R, et al. 2015. International conference of social science, medicine and nursing, Istanbul, Turkey. Dx.doi.org/10.15242/IICBE.C0615095.
  • Altshuler LL, et al. 1996. Pharmacologic management of psychiatric illness during pregnancy: Dilemmas and guidelines. Am J Psychiatry. 153:592-606.
  • Cohen LS, et al. 1994. A reevaluation of risk of in utero exposure to lithium. JAMA. 271(2):146-150.
  • Diav-Citrin O, et al. 2014. Pregnancy outcome following in utero exposure to lithium: a prospective, comparative, observational study. Am Journal of Psychiatry. 171:785-794.
  • Di Florio A, et al. 2017. Lithium use in pregnancy and the risk of cardiac malformations. N Engl J Med. 377(9):893.
  • Forsberg L, et al. 2017. Maternal mood disorders and lithium exposure in utero were not associated with poor cognitive development during childhood. Acta Paediatr. Doi:10.1111/apa.14152.
  • Jacobsen SJ. et al. 1992. Prospective multicentre study of pregnancy outcome after lithium exposure during first trimester. Lancet. 339:530-533.
  • Khan SJ, et al. 2016. Bipolar disorder in pregnancy and postpartum: principles of management. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 18(2):13.
  • Molenaar NM, et al. 2021, Management of lithium dosing around delivery: an observational study. Bipolar Disord. 23(1):49-54.
  • Morrell P. et al. 1983. Lithium toxicity in the neonate. Arch Dis Child. 58:539-541.
  • Newport DJ, et al. 2005. Lithium placental passage and obstetrical outcome: implications for clinical management during date pregnancy. Am J Psychiatry. 162(11):2162-2170.
  • Patorno E, et al. 2017. Lithium use in pregnancy and the risk of cardiac malformations. N Engl J Med. 376(23):2245-54.
  • Poels EMP, et al. 2020. Lithium use during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. J Clin Med. 9(6).
  • Raoof NT, et al. 1989. Lithium inhibits human sperm motility in vitro. Br J Clin Pharmac. 28, 715-717.
  • Robert E. et al. 1990. Comments on teratogen update on lithium by J. Warkany. Teratology. 42:205.
  • Schou M. 1990. Lithium treatment during pregnancy, delivery, and lactation: an update. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 51(10):410-413.
  • Van der Lugt NM, et al. 2012. Fetal, neonatal and developmental outcomes of lithium-exposed pregnancies. Early Hum Dev. 88(6):375-8.
  • Viguera AC, et al. 2000. Risk of recurrence of bipolar disorder in pregnant and nonpregnant women after discontinuing lithium maintenance. Am J Psychiatry. 157(2):179-84.
  • Viguera AC, et al.2007. Risk of recurrence in women with bipolar disorder during pregnancy: prospective study of mood stabilizer discontinuation. Am J Psychiatry. 164(12):1817-24.
  • Viguera AC, et al. 2007. Lithium in breast milk and nursing infants: clinical implications. Am J Psychiatry 164(2):342-5.
  • Zivanovic O. 2017. Lithium: A classic drug-Frequently discussed, but, sadly, seldom prescribed! Aust N Z J Psychiatry 4867417695889.