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- Gilboa SM, et al. 2009. National Birth Defects Prevention Study: Use of antihistamine medications during early pregnancy and isolated major malformations. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 85(2):137-150.
- Gilboa SM, et al. 2014. Antihistamines and birth defects: a systematic review of the literature. Expert Opin Drug Saf 13(12): 1667-98.
- Gonzalez-Estrada et al. 2016. Allergy medications during pregnancy. American J Med Sci 352(3):326-331.
- Hilbert J, et al. 1988. Excretion of loratadine in human breast milk. J Clin Pharamacol 28:234-239.
- Kallen, B. 2005. Methodologic issues in the epidemiologic study of the teratogenicity of drugs. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 45: 44-51.
- Kallen B, Otterblad Olausson P. 2001. Monitoring of maternal drug use and infant congenital malformations. Does loratadine cause hypospadias? Int J Risk Saf Med 14(3-4):115-119.
- Kallen B, Otterblad Olausson P. 2006. No increased risk of infant hypospadias after maternal use of loratadine in early pregnancy. Int M Med Sci 3(3):106-107.
- Keles N. 2004. Treatment of allergic rhinitis during pregnancy. Am J Rhinol 18(1):23-28.
- Li Q, et al. 2013. Assessment of antihistamine use in early pregnancy and birth defects. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 1(6):666-74.e1.
- Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2019. OTC drugs for seasonal allergies; 61(1570):57-60.
- Moretti M, et al. 2003. Fetal safety of loratadine use in the first trimester of pregnancy: A multicenter study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 111(3) 479-83.
- Pedersen L, et al. 2006b. Maternal use of loratadine during pregnancy and risk of hypospadias in offspring. Int J Med Sci 3(1) 21-25.
- Schwarz EB et al. 2008. Risk of hypospadias in offspring of women using loratadine during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Saf 31(9):775-88.
- Werler M, et al. 2004. Evaluation of an association between loratadine and hypospadias – United States, 1997-2001. MMWR 53(10):219-21.
