Selected References:
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- Borgatta L, et al. 2002. Pregnancies diagnosed during Depo- Provera use. Contraception. Sep;66(3):169-72.
- Callahan R et al. 2015. Ectopic pregnancy with use of progestin-only injectables and contraceptive implants: A systemic review. Contraception 92(6):514-522.
- Dahlberg K. 1982. Some effects of depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA): Observations in the nursing infant and in the long-term user. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 20:43-48.
- Deshmukh P, Antell K, Brown EJ. 2017. Contraception Update: Progestin-Only Implants and Injections. FP Essent.. 462:25-29.
- Gray RH and Pardthaisong T. 1991. In utero exposure to steroid contraceptives and outcome of pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 134:795-803.
- Gray RH, Pardthaisong T. 1991. In utero exposure to steroid contraceptives and survival during infancy. Am J Epidemiol; 134:804-811.
- Gu YQ, et al. 2004. Male hormonal contraception: effects of injections of testosterone undecanoate and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate at eight-week intervals in chinese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 89(5):2254-62.
- Hogue CJ. 1991. Invited commentary: the contraceptive technology tightrope. Am J Epidemiol 134: 812-815; author response 816-817.
- Jaffe B et al. 1990. Health, growth and sexual development of teenagers exposed in utero to medroxyprogesterone acetate. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 4:184-195.
- Jimenez J et al. 1984. Long-term follow-up of children breast-fed by mothers receiving depotmedroxyprogesterone acetate. Contraception 30:523-533.
- Koetsawang S, et al. 1982. Transfer of contraceptive steroids in milk of women using long-acting gestagens. Contraception 25:321- 331.
- Pardthaisong T, et al. 1992. The long-term growth and development of children exposed to Depo-Provera during pregnancy or lactation. Contraception 45:313-324.
- Pardthaisong T, Gray R. 1988. Steroid contraceptive use and pregnancy outcome. Teratology 38:51-58.
- PDR Entry for: Depo-Provera Contraceptive Injection. 2016. Pharmacia and Upjohn Company LLC.
- Phillips SJ, et al. 2016. Progestogen-only contraceptive use among breastfeeding women: A systematic review. Contraception; 94:226-252.
- Ratchanon S and Taneepanichskul S. 2000. Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and basal serum prolactin levels in lactating women. Obstetrics & Gynecology 96(6):926-928.
- Saxena BN et al. 1977. Levels of contraceptive steroids in breast milk and plasma of lactating women. Contraception 16:605-613.
- Virutamasen P et al. 1996. Pharmacodynamic effects of depot-lprogesterone acetate (DMPA) administered to lactating women on their male infants. Contraception 54:153-157.
- World Health Organization. 2016. Resource chart medical eligibility contraceptives – FHI 360. (n.d.). Available at: https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/resource-chart-medical-eligibility-contraceptives-english.pdf. Accessed 13 January 2026.
- Yovich JL, et al. 1988. Medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy in early pregnancy has no apparent fetal effects. Teratology 38:135-144.
