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Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

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Methadone

Selected References

  • Badhad RKS & Gittins R. 2021. Precision dosing of methadone during pregnancy: A pharmacokinetics virtual clinical trials study. J Subst Abuse Treat 130:108521.
  • Bakhireva LN, et al. 2019. Association between prenatal opioid exposure, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, and neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes at 5-8 months of age. Early Hum Dev 128:69-76.
  • Ballard JL. 2002. Treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome with breast milk containing methadone. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 15:76-85.
  • Beckwith AM, Burke SA. 2015. Identification of early developmental deficits in infants with prenatal heroin, methadone, and other opioid exposure. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 54(4):328-35.
  • Berghella V, et al. 2003. Maternal methadone dose and neonatal withdrawal. Am J Obstet Gynecol 189:312-7.
  • Blinick G, et al. 1973. Methadone maintenance, pregnancy and progeny. J Am Med Assoc 225:477-9.
  • Cleary B, et al. 2019. Methadone, Pierre Robin sequence and other congenital anomalies: a case-control study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 105(2):151-157.
  • Cleary BJ, et al. 2011. Methadone and perinatal outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 204(2):139.e1-9.
  • Coulson CC, et al. 2021. Association of maternal buprenorphine or methadone dose with fetal growth indices and neonatal abstinence syndrome. Am J Perinatol 38(1):28-36.
  • Dashe JS, et al. 2001. Relationship between maternal methadone dose and neonatal withdrawal. Am J Obstet Gynecol 185(6 Pt 2):S106.
  • Jones HE, et al. 2008. Methadone maintenance vs. methadone taper during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal outcomes. Am J Addict. 17(5):372-86.
  • Kaltenbach K, et al. 2018. Prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine: Early childhood developmental outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend 185: 40–49.
  • Levine TA et al. 2021. Prenatal methadone exposure and child developmental outcomes in 2-year-old children. Dev Med Child Neurol  doi: 10.1111/dmcn.14808.
  • Levine TA, Woodward LJ. 2018. Early inhibitory control and working memory abilities of children prenatally exposed to methadone. Early Hum. Dev 116:68–75.
  • Lim S, et al. 2009. High-dose methadone in pregnant women and its effect on duration of neonatal abstinence syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 70:e1-e5.
  • McCarthy JJ, Posey BL. 2000. Methadone levels in human milk. J Hum Lact 16:115-20.
  • Newman RG, et al. 1975. Results of 313 consecutive live births delivered to patients in the New York City methadone maintenance program. Am J Obstet Gynecol 121:233-7.
  • Reece-Stremtan S, Marinelli KA. 2015. ABM clinical protocol #21: guidelines for breastfeeding and substance use or substance use disorder, revised 2015. Breastfeed Med 10(3):135-41.
  • Rementeria JL, Nunag NN. 1973. Narcotic withdrawal in pregnancy: stillbirth incidence with a case report. Am J Obstet Gynecol 116:1152-6.
  • Schuckit MA. 2016. Treatment of opioid-use disorders. N Engl J.Med 375:357–68.
  • Sharpe C, Kuschel C. 2004. Outcomes of infants born to mothers receiving methadone for pain management in pregnancy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 89(1):F33-F36.
  • Welle-Strand GK, et al. 2013. Neonatal outcomes following in utero exposure to methadone or buprenorphine: a national cohort study of opioid-agonist treatment of pregnant women in Norway from 1996 to 2009. Drug Alcohol Depend 127(1-3):200-6.
  • Woodward LJ, et al. 2006. Early neurobehavioral development of the infant exposed to methadone during pregnancy. Pediatri Res (2006 PAS Annual Meeting):3571.318.
  • Woudes TA, et al. 2020. Neurobehavior of newborn infants exposed prenatally to methadone and identification of a neurobehavioral profile linked to poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 24 months. PLoS One.  15(10):e024095.