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Misoprostol (Cytotec®)

Selected References:

  • Abdel-Aleem H, et al. 2003. The pharmacokinetics of the prostaglandin E1 analogue misoprostol in plasma and colostrum after postpartum oral administration. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol; 108(1):25-8.
  • Abdelshafy A, et al. 2019. Sublingual vs vaginal misoprostol for completion of first trimester missed abortion: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 12: 1-6.
  • Ameri A, et al. 2024. Effect of misoprostol versus oxytocin on delivery outcomes after labour induction in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 292:75-88.
  • Auffret M, et al. 2016. Misoprostol exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy: Is the malformation risk varying depending on the indication? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol; 207:188-192.
  • Bernard N, et al. 2013. Continuation of pregnancy after first-trimester exposure to mifepristone: an observational prospective study. BJOG; 120:568-575.
  • Bord I, et al. 2014. Misoprostol treatment for early pregnancy failure does not impair future fertility. Gynecol Endocrinol; 30(4):316-9.
  • Brasil R, et al. 2000. Misoprostol and congenital anomalies. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf; 9(5):401-3.
  • Brown SE, et al. 2001. Vaginal misoprostol enhances intrauterine insemination. Hum Reprod 2001; 16(1):96-101.
  • Coelho KE, et al. 2000. Misoprostol embryotoxicity: clinical evaluation of fifteen patients with arthrogryposis. Am J Med Genet; 95(4):297-301.
  • da Silva Dal Pizzol T, et al. 2006. Prenatal exposure to misoprostol and congenital anomalies: systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol; 22(4):666-71.
  • Dal Pizzol Tda S, et al. 2008. Exposure to misoprostol and hormones during pregnancy and risk of congenital anomalies. Cad Saude Publica; 24(6):1447-53.
  • Genest DR, et al. 1999. Terminal transverse limb defects with tethering and omphalocele in a 17 week fetus following first trimester misoprostol exposure. Clin Dysmorphol; 8(1):53-8.
  • Gonzalez CH, et al. 1993. Limb deficiency with or without Möbius sequence in seven Brazilian children associated with misoprostol use in the first trimester of pregnancy. Am J Med Genet; 47(1):59-64.
  • Gonzalez CH, et al. 1998. Congenital abnormalities in Brazilian children associated with misoprostol misuse in first trimester of pregnancy. Lancet; 351(9116):1624-7.
  • Holmes LB, et al. 2018. Malformations attributed to the process of vascular disruption. Birth Defects Res; 110(2):98-107.
  • Kandahari N, et al. 2023. Fetal heart rate patterns and the incidence of adverse events after oral misoprostol administration for cervical ripening among low-risk pregnancies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 36(1):2199344.
  • Kim C, et al. 2017. Medical treatments for incomplete miscarriage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 1(1):CD007223.
  • Orioli IM, Castilla EE. 2000. Epidemiological assessment of misoprostol teratogenicity. BJOG; 107(4):519-23.
  • Ozbasli E, et al. 2022. Labor induction with intravaginal misoprostol versus spontaneous labor: maternal and neonatal outcomes. Biomed Res Int. 2022:2826927.
  • Pastuszak AL, et al. 1998. Use of misoprostol during pregnancy and Möbius’ syndrome in infants. N Engl J Med; 338(26):1881-5.
  • Patel F, Cusack J. 2019. Möbius sequence with central hypoventilation in a neonate after failed elective medical termination of pregnancy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed; 104(1):F49.
  • Pfizer Laboratories Div Pfizer Inc. Last updated July 9, 2021. Cytotec drug label. Source: National Library of Medicine. Available at https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=4ab12da7-5731-4e06-bf1c-bc3f2e711f12.
  • Schuler L, et al. 1999. Pregnancy outcome after exposure to misoprostol in Brazil: a prospective controlled study. Reprod Toxicol; 13:147-151.
  • Shimizu T, et al. 1992. Prostaglandin E1, E2, and F2 alpha in human milk and plasma. Biol Neonate; 61:222–5.
  • Song J. 2000. Use of misoprostol in obstetrics and gynecology. Obstet Gynecol Surv; 55(8):503-10.
  • van Look PF, von Hertzen H. 1995. Misoprostol and birth defects. BMJ; 310(6972):128.
  • Vargas FR, et al. 2000. Prenatal exposure to misoprostol and vascular disruption defects: a case-control study. Am J Med Genet; 95(4):302-6.
  • Vauzelle C, et al. 2013. Birth defects after exposure to misoprostol in the first trimester of pregnancy: Prospective follow-up study. Reprod Toxicol; 36:98-103.
  • Vendramini-Pittoli S, et al. 2013. Clinical findings in children with congenital anomalies and misoprostol intrauterine exposure: a study of 38 cases. J Pediatr Genet. 2013 Dec;2(4):173-80.
  • Vogel D, et al. 2004. Misoprostol versus methylergometrine: pharmacokinetics in human milk. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 191:2168-73.
  • Yip SK, et al. 2000. Misoprostol’s effect on uterine arterial blood flow and fetal heart rate in early pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol; 95(2):232-5.

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