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MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Selected References:

  • Akmal A, Kung J. 2014. Propylthiouracil, and methimazole, and carbimazole-related hepatotoxicity. Expert Opin Drug Saf 13(10):1397-1406.  
  • Alexander EK, et al. 2017. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid 27(3):315-389. 
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecology. 2020. Thyroid disease in pregnancy. ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 223. Obstet Gynecol 135(6):e261-e274. 
  • Andersen SL, et al. 2013. Birth Defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: A Danish nationwide study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(11):4374-4381.  
  • Andersen SL, et al. 2017. Birth Defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: A Swedish nationwide study. Euro J Endocrinol 177(4):369-378. 
  • Andersen SL and Andersen S. 2020. Antithyroid drugs and birth defects. Thyroid Res. 13:11. 
  • Bahn RS, et al. 2009. The role of propylthiouracil in the management of Graves’ disease in adults: Report of a meeting jointly sponsored by the American Thyroid Association and the Food and Drug Administration. Thyroid 19(7):673-674.  
  • Bhagat M, et al. 2023. Effects of Methimazole vs Propylthiouracil in Newborns: A Comparative Review. Cureus. 15(7):e41505.  
  • Burrow GN, et al. 1968. Children exposed in utero to propylthiouracil. Subsequent intellectual and physical development. Am J Dis Child 116: 161-166 
  • Burrow GN et al. 1978. Intellectual Development in Children Whose Mothers Received Propylthiouracil During Pregnancy. Yale J Biol Med. 51(2): 151–156. 
  • Burrow GN, Boro ES. 1978. Hyperthyroidism during Pregnancy. N Engl J Med 298(3):150-153. 
  • Chen CH, et al. 2011. Risk of adverse outcomes with antithyroid treatment during pregnancy: A nationwide population-based study. BJOG. 118:1365-1373, 
  • Cuff, RD. 2019. Hyperthyroidism during pregnancy: A clinical approach. Clin Obstet Gynecol 62(2):320-329.  
  • Einstein Z, et al. 1992. Intellectual capacity of subjects exposed to methimazole or propylthiouracil in utero. Eur J Pediatr 151:558-559.  
  • Gianetti E, et al. 2015. Pregnancy outcome in women treated with methimazole or propylthiouracil during pregnancy. J Endocrinol Invest 38(9):977-985.  
  • Glinoer D, Cooper DS. 2012. The propylthiouracil dilemma. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 19(5):402-407.  
  • Heidari R, et al. 2015. An overview on the proposed mechanisms of antithyroid drug-induced liver injury. Adv Pharm Bull 5(1):1-11.  
  • Howley MM, et al. 2017. Thyroid medication use and birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res 109(18):1471-1481.  
  • Hudzik B, Zubelewicz-Szkodzinska B. 2016. Antithyroid drugs during breastfeeding. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 85(6):827-830.  
  • Kancherla V, et al. 2014. Descriptive and risk factor analysis for choanal atresia: The National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2007. Eur J Med Genet 57(5):220-229.  
  • Liu Y, et al. 2023. Comparison of the safety between propylthiouracil and methimazole with hyperthyroidism in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 18(5):e0286097. 
  • Miao Y, et al. 2022. Efficacy of propylthiouracil in the treatment of pregnancy with hyperthyroidism and its effect on pregnancy outcomes: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 17(3): e0265085.  
  • Miyamura T, et al. 2013. Acute liver failure associated with propylthiouracil in a pregnant 26-year-old woman. Case Rep Gastroenterol 7(2):240-244.  
  • Prunty JJ, et al. 2016. Graves’ disease pharmacotherapy in women of reproductive age. Pharmacotherapy 36(1):64-83.  
  • Romeo AF and Obican SG. 2020. Teratogen Update: Antithyroid Medications. Birth Defects Res. 112(15):1150-1170. 
  • Rosenfeld H, et al. 2009. Pregnancy outcomes, thyroid dysfunction and fetal goitre after in utero exposure to propylthiouracil: a controlled cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 68(4):609-617. 
  • Schurmann L, et al. 2016. Pregnancy outcomes after fetal exposure to antithyroid medications or levothyroxine. Early Human Development 101:73-77. 
  • Seo GH, et al. 2018. Antithyroid drugs and congenital malformations: A nationwide Korean cohort study. Ann Intern Med 168(6):405-413.  
  • Sequeira E, et al. 2011. Severe propylthiouracil-induced hepatotoxicity in pregnancy managed successfully by liver transplantation: A case report. J Med Case Rep 5:461.  
  • Taylor P, et al. 2012. A case of propylthiouracil-induced hepatitis during pregnancy. Eur Thyroid J 1(1)41-44.  
  • Tonacchera M, et al. 2020. Treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism with thionamides: a position paper on indications and safety in pregnancy. J Endocrinol Invest. 43(2):257-265. 

 

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