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Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

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Alprazolam

Selected References

  • Anderson PO, McGuire GG. 1989. Neonatal alprazolam withdrawal – possible effects of breast feeding. DICP. 23:614. Letter.
  • Barry WS, St. Clair SM. 1987. Exposure to benzodiazepines in utero. Lancet. 1:1436-7.
  • Browne JL, Hauge KJ. 1986. A review of alprazolam withdrawal. Drug Intell Clin Pharm; 20(11):837-41.
  • Eros E, et al. 2002. A population-based case-control teratologic study of nitrazepam, medazepam, tofisopam, alprazolum and clonazepam treatment during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 101:147-54.
  • Furugen A, et al. 2019. Quantification of eight benzodiazepines in human breastmilk and plasma by liquid-liquid extraction and liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: Application to evaluation of alprazolam transfer into breastmilk. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 168:83-93.
  • García-Algar O, et al. 2007. Confirmation of gestational exposure to alprazolam by analysis of biological matrices in a newborn with neonatal sepsis. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 45(3):295-8.
  • Ito S, et al. 1993. Prospective follow-up of adverse reactions in breast-fed infants exposed to maternal medication. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 168:1393-9.
  • Källén B, et al. 2013. The use of central nervous system active drugs during pregnancy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 6(10):1221-86.
  • Oo CY, et al. 1995. Pharmacokinetics in lactating women: prediction of alprazolam transfer into milk. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 40:231-6.
  • Ornoy A, et al. 1998. Is benzodiazepine use during pregnancy really teratogenic? Reprod Toxicol. 12:511-515.
  • Petric D, et al. 2011. High doses alprazolam induced amenorrhoea and galactorrhoea. Psychiatr Danub. 23(1):123-4.
  • St Clair SM, Schnirmer RG. 1992. First-trimester exposure to alprazolam. Obstet Gynecol. 80:843-846.
  • Tinker SC, et al; National Birth Defects Prevention Study. 2019. Use of benzodiazepine medications during pregnancy and potential risk for birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011. Birth Defects Res; 111(10):613-620.
  • Yamamoto K, et al. 2019. Pharmacokinetic assessment of alprazolam-induced neonatal abstinence syndrome using physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 34(6):400-402.