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MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Gabapentin

Selected References:

  • Bjørk M. et al. 2002. Association of Prenatal Exposure to Antiseizure Medication With Risk of Autism and Intellectual Disability. JAMA Neurol. 79(7):672–681. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.1269 
  • Blotiere PO. et al. 2020. Risk of early neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with prenatal exposure to the antiepileptic drugs most commonly used during pregnancy: a French nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 10(6). 
  • Brannon, GE. et al. 2000. Anorgasmia in a patient with bipolar disorder type 1 treated with gabapentin. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 20(3):379-81. 
  • Carrasco M, et al. 2015. Neonatal gabapentin withdrawal syndrome. Pediatr Neurol. 53:445-447  
  • Desrochers, B. et al. 2024. Risks of congenital malformations and neonatal intensive care unit admissions with gabapentin use in pregnancy: A cohort study and scoping review with meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 38,6: 486-494. doi:10.1111/ppe.13086 
  • FDA Drug Label. Gabapentin. Food and Drug Administration. Updated date: 2025-05-23. 
  • Fujii H. et al. 2013. Pregnancy outcomes following gabapentin use: results of a prospective comparative cohort study. Neurology.80(17):1565-1570. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828f18c1 
  • Grant AC. 2002. Gabapentin-induced anorgasmia in women. Am J Psychiatry. 159(7):1247. 
  • Hernandez-Diaz S. et al., 2025. Use of Antiseizure Medications Early in Pregnancy and the Risk of Major Malformations in the Newborn. Neurology. 12;105(3): e213786. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000213786.  
  • Huybrechts, KF. et al. (2017). Risk of neonatal drug withdrawal after intrauterine co-exposure to opioids and psychotropic medications: cohort study. Bmj. 2017;358:j3326. doi:10.1136/bmj.j3326. 
  • Johannessen SI, Helde G, Brodtkorb E. Levetiracetam concentrations in serum and in breast milk at birth and during lactation. Epilepsia. 2005;46:775–7. 
  • Kaufman KR, Struck PJ. 2011. Gabapentin-induced sexual dysfunction. Epilepsy Behav. 21(3):324-6. 
  • Kristensen JH. et al. 2006. Gabapentin and breastfeeding: A case report. J Hum Lact. 22:426–8.  
  • Linnebank M, et al. 2011. Antiepileptic drugs interact with folate and vitamin B12 serum levels. Ann Neurol; 69(2):352-9.  
  • Loudin, S, et al. 2017. An Atypical Withdrawal Syndrome in Neonates Prenatally Exposed to Gabapentin and Opioids. Clinical and Laboratory Observations. 181:286-288.  
  • Ohman I. et al. 2005. Pharmacokinetics of gabapentin during delivery, in the neonatal period, and lactation: Does a fetal accumulation occur during pregnancy? Epilepsia. 46:1621–4.  
  • Ohman I. et al. 2009. Gabapentin kinetics during delivery, in the neonatal period, and during lactation. Epilepsia. 50 (Suppl. 10):108. Abstract. 
  • Pack AM. et al. 2024. Teratogenesis, perinatal, and neurodevelopmental outcomes after in utero exposure to antiseizure medication: practice guideline from the AAN, AES, and SMFM. Neurology. 102(11):e209279. 
  • Patorno E, et al. 2020. Gabapentin in pregnancy and the risk of adverse neonatal and maternal outcomes: A population-based cohort study nested in the US Medicaid Analytic eXtract dataset. PLoS Med. 17(9):e1003322. 

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