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Lorazepam

Selected References:

  • Bonnot O, et al. 2001. Maternal exposure to lorazepam and anal atresia in newborns: results from a hypothesis-generating study of benzodiazepines and malformations. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 21(4):456-458.
  • Brandlisuten RE, et al. 2017. Association of prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines and child internalizing problems: A sibling-controlled cohort study. PLos ONE, 12(7):e0181042.
  • Calderon-Margalit R, et al. 2009. Risk of preterm delivery and other adverse perinatal outcomes in relation to maternal use of psychotropic medications during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 201(6):579.e1-579.e8.
  • Iqbal MM, et al. 2002. Effects of commonly used benzodiazepines on the fetus, the neonate and the nursing infant. Psychiatr Serv, 53(1):39-49.
  • Kargas GA et al. 1985. Perinatal mortality due to interaction of diphenhydramine and temazepam. N Eng J Med, 313:1417-1418.
  • Kelly LE, et al. 2012. Neonatal Benzodiazepines Exposure during Breastfeeding. J Pediatr, 161(3):448-451.
  • Meng L, et al. 2023. Benzodiazepine Use During Pregnancy and Risk of Miscarriage. JAMA Psychiatry.; 81(4):366–373.
  • Nishimura A, et al. 2021. Benzodiazepine Concentrations in the Breast Milk and Plasma of Nursing Mothers: Estimation of Relative Infant Dose. Breastfeed Med, 16(5):424-431.
  • Noh Y, et al. 2022. First-trimester exposure to benzodiazepines and risk of congenital malformations in offspring: A population-based cohort study in South Korea. PLoS Med, 19(3):e1003945.
  • Oberlander TF, et al. 2008. Major congenital malformations following prenatal exposure to serotonin reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines using population-based health data. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicolo, 83(1):68-76.
  • Ornoy A, et al. 1998. Is benzodiazepine use during pregnancy really teratogenic? Reprod Toxicol, 12(5):511-515.
  • Viggedal G, et al. 1993. Mental development in late infancy after prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines-prospective study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 34(3):295-305.
  • Sheehy, O. et al. 2019. Association Between Incident Exposure to Benzodiazepines in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion. J of the Am Med Assoc Psychiatry, 76(9):948-957.
  • Tinker, S. et al. 2019. Use of benzodiazepine medications during pregnancy and potential risk for birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011. Birth Defects Res Jun, 1;111(10):613-620.
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2023. Ativan label. Accessed September 2024 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2023/017794s049lbl.pdf.

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