MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

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Progesterone and Progestins

Selected References:

  • Carmichael, SL, et.al. 2005. Maternal progestin intake and risk of hypospadias. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 159(10):957-962.
  • Check JH, et al. 1986. The risk of fetal anomalies as a result of progesterone therapy during pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 45:575-7.
  • Committee on Drugs. 2001. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics, 108(3), 776-789.
  • Committee on Practice Bulletins. 2012. Obstetrics, The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Practice bulletin no. 130: prediction and prevention of preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol. 120(4):964-73.
  • Duds I, et al. 2006. Population-based case-control teratogenic study of hydroxyprogesterone treatment during pregnancy. Congenit Anom (Kyoto); 46:194-8.
  • Fawzy M, et al. 2008. Treatment options and pregnancy outcome in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 278(1):33-38.
  • Heinonen OP, et al. 1977. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Littleton, Mass.: John Wright-PSG, pp 389, 391-392, 394, 443, 478, 497.
  • Heinonen OP, et al. 1977. Cardiovascular birth defects and antenatal exposure to female sex hormones. N Engl J Med. 296:67-60.
  • Massai R, et al. 2005. Extended use of a progesterone-releasing vaginal ring in nursing women: a phase II clinical trial. Contraception.72:352-7.
  • Michaelis J, et al. 1983. Prospective study of suspected associations between certain drugs administered during early pregnancy and congenital malformations. Teratology. 27:57-64.
  • Norman JE, et al. 2009. Progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancy (STOPPIT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and meta-analysis. Lancet. 373(9680):2034-2040.
  • Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. 2008. Progesterone supplementation during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy in the treatment of infertility: an educational bulletin. Fertility and Sterility. 89(4):789-92.
  • Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. 2012. Evaluation and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss: a committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility. 98(5):1103-11.
  • Silver RI, et al. 1999. In vitro fertilization is associated with an increased risk of hypospadias. J Urology. 161(6):1954-1957.