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Vitamin D

Selected References:

  • Achkar M, et al. 2015. Vitamin D status in early pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 212:511.e1-7.
  • Adrien N, et al. 2023. Early pregnancy vitamin D status and risk of select congenital anomalies in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Birth Defects Res 115:290-301.
  • Allan KM, et al. 2015. Maternal vitamin D and E intakes during pregnancy are associated with asthma in children. Eur Respir J. 45(4):1027-1036.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2024. Committee Opinion No. 495: Vitamin D: screening and supplementation during pregnancy. Committee on Obstetric Practice.
  • Andersen LB, et al. 2015. Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with increased risk of first-trimester miscarriage in the Odense Child Cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 102(3):633-638.
  • Bodnar LM, et al. 2007. Maternal vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of preeclampsia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(9):3517-3522.
  • Bodnar LM, et al. 2014. Maternal vitamin D status and spontaneous preterm birth by placental histology in the US Collaborative Perinatal Project. Am J Epidemiol 179(2): 168-176.
  • Brooke OG, et al. 1980. Vitamin D supplements in pregnant Asian women: effects on calcium status and fetal growth. Br Med J 280:751-754.
  • Camargo CA Jr, et al. 2007. Maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of recurrent wheeze in children at 3 y of age. Am J Clin Nutr; 85:788-795.
  • Caplan RH & Beguin EA. 1990. Hypercalcemia in a calcitriol-treated hypoparathyroid woman during lactation. Obstet Gynecol 76:485-489.
  • Caretta N, et al. 2016. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Endocrine. 53(3):831-838.
  • Chen C, et al. 2022. Association between serum vitamin D level during pregnancy and recurrent spontaneous abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Reprod Immunol 88(3):e13582.
  • Chen YH, et al. 2015. Maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy elevates the risks of small for gestational age and low birth weight infants in Chinese population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 100(5):1912-1919.
  • Cockburn F, et al. 1980. Maternal vitamin D intake and mineral metabolism in mothers and newborn infants. Br Med J 281:11-13.
  • Cundy T, et al. 1987. Remission of hypoparathyroidism during lactation: evidence for a physiological role for prolactin in the regulation of vitamin D metabolism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 26:667-674.
  • Daglar K, et al. 2016. Maternal serum vitamin D levels in pregnancies complicated by neural tube defects. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 29(2):298-302.
  • De-Regil LM, et al. 2016. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 1. Art. No.: CD008873.
  • Delvin EE, et l. 1986. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy: effect on neonatal calcium homeostasis. J Pediatr 109:328-334.
  • Demay MB, et al. 2024. Vitamin D for the prevention of disease: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 109:1907-1947.
  • Devereux G, et al. 2007. Maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy and early childhood wheezing. Am J Clin Nutr 85:853-859.
  • Dror DK. 2011. Vitamin D status during pregnancy: maternal, fetal, and postnatal outcomes. Curr Opinion Obstet Gynecol 23:422-426.
  • Goodenday LS & Gordan GS. 1971. Fetal safety of vitamin D during pregnancy. Clin Res 19:200.
  • Goodenday LS & Gordan GS. 1971. No risk from vitamin D during pregnancy. Ann Intern Med 75:807-808.
  • Fung JL, et al. 2017. Association of vitamin D intake and serum levels with fertility: Results from the Lifestyle and Fertility Study. Fertil Steril 108(2)L302-311.
  • Handel MN, et al. 2017. Prenatal exposure to vitamin D from fortified margarine and risk of fractures in late childhood: period and cohort results from 222 000 subjects in the D-tect observational study. Br J Nutr. 117(6):872-881.
  • Hansen S, et al. 2015. The long-term programming effect of maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D in pregnancy on allergic airway disease and lung function in offspring after 20 to 25 years of follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 136(1):169-176.e2.
  • Harvey NC, et al. 2014. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess. 18(45):1-190.
  • Haugen M, et al. 2009. Vitamin D supplementation and reduced risk of preeclampsia in nulliparous women. Epidemiology 20(5):720-726.
  • Haussler MR & McCain TA. 1977. Basic and clinical concepts related to vitamin D metabolism and action. N Engl J Med 297:1041-1050.
  • Heckmatt JZ, et al. 1979. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D in pregnant Asian women and their babies. Lancet 2:546-548.
  • Holick MF, et al. 2012. Guidelines for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency revisited. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 97(4): 1153–1158.
  • Hollis BW. 2005. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D. J Nutr 135(2):317-322.
  • Hollis BW & Wagner CL. 2004. Assessment of dietary vitamin D requirements during pregnancy and lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 79(5):717-726.
  • Hollis BW, et al. 2015. Maternal versus infant vitamin D supplementation during lactation: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics, 136(4): 625–634.
  • Institute of Medicine, 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
  • Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. 1997. Dietary Reference Intakes: Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
  • Jensen MB. 2014. Vitamin D and male reproduction. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 10: 175-186.
  • Krysiak R, et al. 2011. Hypoparathyroidism in pregnancy. Gynecol Endocrinol. 27:529-32.
  • Lawlor DA, et al. 2013. Association of maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy with bone-mineral content in offspring: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 381(9884):2176-2183.
  • Lerchbaum E & Rabe T. 2014. Vitamin D and female fertility. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 26: 145-150.
  • Lu M, et al. 2021. Effect of early and late prenatal vitamin D and maternal asthma status on offspring asthma or recurrent wheeze. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 147(4):1234-1241.e3.
  • Mather KJ, et al. 1999. Maintenance of serum calcium by parathyroid hormone-related peptide during lactation in a hypoparathyroid patient. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 84:424-427.
  • Maxwell JD, et al. 1981. Vitamin D supplements enhance weight gain and nutritional status in pregnant Asians. Br J Obstet Gynecol 88:987-991.
  • Meek JY, et al. 2022. Policy Statement: Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. Pediatrics, 150(1).
  • Melough MM, et al. 2021. Maternal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D during gestation is positively associated with neurocognitive development in offspring at age 4-6 years. J Nutr. 151(1):132-139.
  • Mirzaei F, et al. 2011. Gestational vitamin D and the risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring. Ann Neurol. 70(1):30-40.
  • Mohaghegh Z, et al. 2015. The relation of preeclampsia and serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in mothers and their neonates: a case control study in Iran. Horm Metab Res. 47(4):284-288.
  • Morales E, et al. 2012. Maternal Vitamin D Status in Pregnancy and Risk of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections, Wheezing, and Asthma in Offspring. Epidemiology. 23(1):64-71.
  • Mulligan ML, et al. 2010. Implications of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and lactation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 202:429.e1-9.
  • Mumford SL, et al. 2018. Association of preconception serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with livebirth and pregnancy loss: A prospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 6(9):725-732.
  • Murphy PK, et al. 2010. An exploratory study of postpartum depression and vitamin D. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 16(3): 170-177.
  • Nasri K, et al. 2016. Maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and the occurrence of neural tube defects in Tunisia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 134(2):131-134.
  • Oken E, et al. 2007. Diet during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia or gestational hypertension. Ann Epidemiol. 17:663-668.
  • Paffoni A, et al. 2014. Vitamin D deficiency and infertility: insights from in vitro fertilization cycles. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99(11):E2372-2376.
  • Palacios C, et al. 2019. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Issue 7. Art. No.: CD008873.
  • Perez- Lopez F, et al. 2015. Effect of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Fertil Steril 103(5): 1278-1288e4.
  • Raia-Barjat T, et al. 2021. Vitamin D deficiency during late pregnancy mediates placenta-associated complications. Sci Rep. 11(1):20708.
  • Ramagopalan SV, et al. 2011. Relationship of UV exposure to prevalence of multiple sclerosis in England. Neurology. 76(16):1410-1414.
  • Ribamar A, et al. 2020. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and both gestational and postpartum depression. Nutr Hosp 37(6):1238-1245.
  • Robinson M, et al. 2014. Low maternal serum vitamin D during pregnancy and the risk for postpartum depression symptoms. Arch Womens Ment Health 17(3): 213-219.
  • Rude RK, et al. 1984. Postpartum resolution of hypocalcemia in a lactating hypoparathyroid patient. Endocrinol Jpn. 31:227-233.
  • Sadegi-Nejad A, et al. 1980. Hypoparathyroidism and pregnancy: treatment with calcitriol. JAMA 243:254-255.
  • Schneuer FJ, et al. 2014. Effects of maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in the first trimester on subsequent pregnancy outcomes in an Australian population. Am J Clin Nutr 99: 287-295.
  • Singla R, et al. 2015. Vitamin-D deficiency is associated with gallbladder stasis among pregnant women. Dig Dis Sci. 60(9):2793-2799.
  • Singla R, et al. 2015. Relationship between preeclampsia and vitamin D deficiency: a case control study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 291(6):1247-1251.
  • Sourander A, et al. 2021. Maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and offspring autism spectrum disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 90(11):790-797.
  • Stafne, SN. 2020. Vitamin D and stress urinary incontinence in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. BJOG 127(13):1704-1711.
  • Staples J, et al. 2010. Low maternal exposure to ultraviolet radiation in pregnancy, month of birth, and risk of multiple sclerosis in offspring: longitudinal analysis. BMJ. 340:c1640.
  • Sucksdorff M, et al. 2021. Maternal vitamin D levels and the risk of offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2021 Jan;60(1):142-151.e2.
  • Sweeney LL, et al. 2010. Decreased calcitriol requirements during pregnancy and lactation, with a window of increased requirements immediately postpartum. Endocr Pract. 1-11.
  • US Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health. 2024. Vitamin D. Office of Dietary Supplements Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional/. Accessed July 2024.
  • Veena SR, et al. 2017. Association between maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring cognitive function during childhood and adolescence. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 26(3): 438-449.
  • Vieth R & Holick MF. 2018. Chapter 57B – The IOM—Endocrine Society Controversy on Recommended Vitamin D Targets: In Support of the Endocrine Society Position. Vitamin D (Fourth Edition). D. Feldman, Academic Press: 1091-1107.
  • Vinkhuyzen AAE, et al. 2017. Gestational vitamin D deficiency and autism spectrum disorder. BJPsych Open 3(2): 85-90.
  • Visness CM, et al. 2015. Cord blood vitamin D concentrations are unrelated to atopy and wheeze in 2 diverse birth cohort studies. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 136(4):1108-10.e2.
  • Voltas N, et al. 2020. Effect of vitamin D status during pregnancy on infant neurodevelopment: The ECLIPSES Study. Nutrients. 12(10):3196.
  • Wagner CL, et al. 2013. A randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation in 2 community health center networks in South Carolina. Am J Obstet Gynecol 208(2):137.e1-13.
  • Whitehouse AJ, et al. 2012. Maternal Serum Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy and Offspring Neurocognitive Development. Pediatrics 129:485-493.
  • World Health Organization. 2023. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy. E-library of evidence for nutrition actions (eLENA). https://www.who.int/tools/elena/interventions/vitamind-supp-pregnancy. Accessed June 6 2024.

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