MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Search

866.626.6847

Midazolam

Selected References:  

  • Bach V, et al. 1989. A randomized comparison between midazolam and thiopental for elective cesarean section anesthesia. III. Placental transfer and elimination in neonates. Anesth Analg. 68:238-42. 
  • Frolich MA, et al. 2006. A single dose of fentanyl and midazolam prior to Cesarean section have no adverse neonatal effects. Can J Anaesth. 53(1):79-85. 
  • Iyilikci L, et al. 2007. Sedation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a pregnant patient. J Anesth. 21(1):69-71. 
  • Kanto J, et al. 1984. Pharmacokinetics and sedative effect of midazolam in connection with cesarean section performed under epidural analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 28:116-8. 
  • Kelly LE, et al. 2012. Neonatal Benzodiazepines Exposure during Breastfeeding. J Pediatr. 161(3):448-451.
  • Koitabashi T, et al. 1997. Intravenous midazolam passage into breast milk. J Anesth. 11:242-3. 
  • Nitsun M, et al. 2006. Pharmacokinetics of midazolam, propofol, and fentanyl transfer to human breast milk. Clin Pharmacol 79:549-57. 
  • Olutoye OA, et al. 2018. Food and Drug Administration warning on anesthesia and brain development: implications for obstetric and fetal surgery. Am J Obstet 218(1):98-102.
  • Senel AC, et al. 2014. Premedication with midazolam prior to caesarean section has no neonatal adverse effects. Braz J Anesthesiol. 64(1):16-21. 
  • Shergill AK, et al. 2012. Guidelines for endoscopy in pregnant and lactating women. Gastrointest Endosc. 76(1):18-24. 
  • Swanson RJ, Leavitt MG. 1992. Fertilization and mouse embryo development in the presence of midazolam. Anesth Analg 75: 549-54, 1992. 
  • Uguz A New Safety Scoring System for the Use of Psychotropic Drugs During Lactation. Am J Ther. 2021 Jan-Feb 01;28(1):e118-e126. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000909. PMID: 30601177.
  • Wilson CM, et al. 1987. A comparison of the early pharmacokinetics of midazolam in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Anaesthesia. 42:1057-62. 
  • Xu J, et al 2019. Early Developmental Exposure to Repetitive Long Duration of Midazolam Sedation Causes Behavioral and Synaptic Alterations in a Rodent Model of Neurodevelopment. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 31(1):151- 
  • Young C, et al. 2005. Potential of ketamine and midazolam, individually or in combination, to induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the infant mouse brain. Br J Pharmacol. 146(2):189-97.

This website is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of an award totaling $6,000,000 with zero percentage financed with non-governmental sources. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement by, HRSA, HHS, or the U.S. Government.