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MDMA (Molly, Ecstasy)

July 1, 2022

Selected References:

  • Barenys M. 2009. Chronic exposure to MDMA (ecstasy) increases DNA damage in sperm and alters testes histopathology in male rats. Toxicol Lett 191:40-46
  • Barneys M, et al. 2020. Developmental neurotoxicity of MDMA. A systematic literature review summarized in a putative adverse outcome pathway. Nurotoxicology 78:209-241.
  • Committee on Drugs, American Academy of Pediatrics. 2001. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 108:776-89.
  • Cooper AJ & Egleston CV. 1997. Accidental ingestión of Ecstasy by a toddler: Unusual cause for convulsion in a febrile child. J Accid Emerg Med 14(3):183-184.
  • Draper ES, et al. 2008. Recreacional drug use. A major risk factor for gastroschisis? Am J Epidemiol 167(4):485-491.
  • Fríguls B, et al. A comprehensive review of assay methods to determine drugs in breast milk and the safety of breastfeeding when taking drugs. Anal Bioanal Chem 397:1157–1179.
  • Kolbrich EA, Goodwin RS, Gorelick DA, Hayes RJ, Stein EA, Huestis MA. 2008. Plasma pharmacokinetics of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine after controlled oral administration to young adults. Ther Drug Monit. Jun;30(3):320-32.
  • Marcela C, et al. 2019. Stimulant use in pregnancy – An under-recognized epidemic among pregnant women. Clin Obstet 62(1):168-184.
  • McElhatton P, et al.1999. Congenital anomalies after prenatal ecstasy exposure. Lancet 354:1441-2.
  • Parrott A, et al. 2014. MDMA and heightened cortisol: a neurohormonal perspective on the pregnancy outcomes of mothers used ‘Ecstasy’ during pregnancy. Hum Psychopharmacol 29(1):1-7.
  • Plessinger M, 1998. Prenatal exposure to amphetamines. Risks and adverse outcomes in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 25:119-38.
  • Singer LT, et al. 2012. Neurobehavioral outcomes of infants exposed to MDMA (Ecstasy) and other recreational drugs during pregnancy. Neurotoxicol Teratol 34(3):303-10.
  • Singer L. et al 2012. One-year outcomes of prenatal exposure to MDMA and other recreational drugs. Pediatrics 130(3): 407–413.
  • Singer LT, et al. 2015. Developmental outcomes of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy)-exposed infants in the UK Hum Psychopharmacol 30(4): 290-294.
  • Singer LT, et al. 2016. Motor delays in MDMA (ecstasy) exposed infants persist to 2 years. Neurotoxicol Teratol 54: 22-28.
  • Smid MC, et al. 2019. Stimulant use in pregnancy: An under-recognized epidemic among pregnant women. Clin Obstet Gynecol 62(1):168-184.
  • van Tonningen-van Driel MM, et al. 1999. [Pregnancy outcome after ecstasy use; 43 cases followed by the Teratology Information Service of the National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM)]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 143(1):27-31.
  • Wouldes TA, Lester BM. 2019. Stimulants: How big is the problem and what are the effects of prenatal exposure? Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 24(2):155-160.

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