MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Search

866.626.6847

Working with X-rays (Ionizing Radiation)

Selected References:

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2017. Guidelines for diagnostic imaging during pregnancy. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 723. Obstet Gynecol; 130:e201-e216.
  • Brent RL. 2009. Saving lives and changing family histories: appropriate counseling of pregnant women and men and women of reproductive age, concerning the risk of diagnostic radiation exposures during and before pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 200(1):4-24.
  • Bunch KJ, et al. 2009. Cancer in the offspring of female radiation workers: a record linkage study. Br J Cancer; 100(1):213-218.
  • Cohen-Karem R, et al. 2003. Diagnostic radiation in pregnancy: termination of pregnancy due to risk misperception. Birth Defects Res Part A: Clin Mol Teratol; 67(5):392.
  • Flanagan E, et al. 2020. Abdominal imaging in pregnancy (maternal and foetal risks). Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol; Feb-Apr: 44-45.
  • Felice FD, et al. 2019. Radiation effects on male fertility. Andrology; 7(1):2-7.
  • Frangione B, et al. 2023. Low-dose ionizing radiation and adverse birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 96(1):77–92.
  • Green LM, et al. 1997. Risk of congenital anomalies in children of parents occupationally exposed to low level ionizing radiation. Occup Environ Med; 54:629-35.
  • Groen RS, et al. 2012. Fear of the unknown: ionizing radiation exposure during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 206:456-462.
  • Lojo Lendoiro S, Moreno Sánchez T. 2022. Occupational radiation and pregnancy: reality or disinformation? A review of the literature and summary of current clinical guidelines. Radiologia (Engl Ed). 64(2):128-135.
  • McKinney PA, et al. 2003. Parental occupation at periconception: findings from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study. Occup Environ Med; 60:901-909.
  • Mole RH. 1993. The biology and radiobiology of in utero development in relation to radiological protection. Br J Radiol; 66:1095-1102.
  • National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. 1979. Medical Radiation exposure of pregnant and potentially pregnant women. NCRP Report No. 54 32.
  • Raman AS, et al. 2015. Minimal use of fluoroscopy to reduce fetal radiation exposure during radiofrequency catheter ablation of maternal supraventricular tachycardia. Tex Heart Inst J; 42(2):152-154.
  • Schull WJ, Otake M. 1999. Cognitive function and prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation. Teratology; 59:222-226.
  • Skrzypek M, et al. 2019. Effect of ionizing radiation on the female reproductive system. Ann Agric Environ Med; 26(4):606-616.
  • Stlberg K, et al. 2007. Prenatal X-ray exposure and childhood brain tumors: a population-based case-controlled study on tumour subtypes. Br J Cancer; 97:1583-1587.
  • Tirada N, et al. 2015. Imaging pregnant and lactating patients. Radiographics 35(6):1751-1765.
  • U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Ionizing Radiation https://www.osha.gov/ionizing-radiation.
  • Wiesel A, et al. 2016. Evidence for a teratogenic risk in the offspring of health personnel exposed to ionizing radiation?! Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol; 106(6):475-479.
  • Zadeh HG, Briggs TW. 1997. Ionising radiation: are orthopaedic surgeons’ offspring at risk? Ann R Coll Surg Engl; 79:214-220.

This website is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of an award totaling $6,000,000 with zero percentage financed with non-governmental sources. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement by, HRSA, HHS, or the U.S. Government.