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Amitriptyline

Selected References:

  • Breyer-Pfaff, U et al. “Secretion of amitriptyline and metabolites into breast milk.” The American journal of psychiatry 152,5 (1995): 812-3. doi:10.1176/ajp.152.5.812b
  • Brixen-Rasmussen L, et al. 1982. Amitriptyline and nortriptyline excretion in human breast milk. Psychopharmacology 76:94-5.
  • Heinonen OP, et al. 1977. Birth Defect and Drugs in Pregnancy. Publishing Sciences Group Inc., Litteton, Mass.
  • Huybrechts KF, et.al. 2014. Antidepressant use in pregnancy and the risk of cardiac defects. N Engl J Med. 370(25):2397-407.
  • Huybrechts KF, et al. 2015. Antidepressant use late in pregnancy and risk of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Jama. 313(21):2142-51.
  • Kronenfeld, N., Ziv Baran, T., Berlin, M., Karra, N., Dinavitser, N., Cohen, R., Wiener, Y., Schwartzberg, E., & Berkovitch, M. (2018). Chronic use of psychotropic medications in breastfeeding women: Is it safe?. PloS one, 13(5), e0197196. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197196
  • Leutritz, Anna Linda et al. “Psychotropic medication in pregnancy and lactation and early development of exposed children.” British journal of clinical pharmacology 89,2 (2023): 737-750. doi:10.1111/bcp.15533
  • Lusskin SI, et al. 2018 Pharmacotherapy for Perinatal Depression. Clin Obstet Gynecol; 61(3):544-561.
  • Marhofer, D, et, al. 2021. Schmerztherapie in der Schwangerschaft [Pain management during pregnancy: An expert-based interdisciplinary consensus recommendation.] Schmerz; 35, 382–390.
  • McElhatton PR, et al. 1996. The outcome of pregnancy in 689 women exposed to therapeutic doses of antidepressants. A collaborative study of the European Network of Teratology Information Service (ENTIS). Reprod Toxicol 10:285-94.
  • Misri S, Sivertz K. 1991. Tricyclic drugs in pregnancy and lactation: A preliminary report. Int J Psychiatry Med; 21:157–171.
  • Nulman I, et al. 1997. Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to antidepressant drugs, NEJM 336 (4):258-262.
  • Nulman I, et al. 2002. Child development following exposure to tricyclic antidepressants or fluoxetine throughout fetal life: a prospective controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 159(11):1889-1895.
  • Palmsten K, et al. 2013. Antidepressant use and risk for preeclampsia, Epidemiology 24(5): 682-691.
  • Tamai H, Kinugasa M. 2015. Pregnancy complicated by cyclic vomiting syndrome successfully treated with amitriptyline, Obstet Gynecol 125(6): 1487-1489.
  • Sarayani, Amir et al. “Real-world effect of a potential drug-drug interaction between topiramate and oral contraceptives on unintended pregnancy outcomes.” Contraception 120 (2023): 109953. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2023.109953
  • Schoretsanitis G, et al. 2021. Antidepressant transfer into amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood & breast milk: A systematic review & combined analysis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 107:110228.
  • Singh, Sumit et al. “Indian Consensus on the Role of Amitriptyline in Migraine Prophylaxis.” Cureus 16,2 e54270. 15 Feb. 2024, doi:10.7759/cureus.54270
  • Suthar N, et al. 2018 Galactorrhea with antidepressants: A case series. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 60(1):145-6.
  • Tamai H et al. 2015. Pregnancy complicated by cyclic vomiting syndrome successfully treated with amitriptyline. Obstet Gynecol. 125(6):1487-1489.
  • Tang KY. 2018. Amitriptyline poisoning at 34 weeks of pregnancy. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 56(4):301-3.
  • Uguz Faruk. 2017. Poor feeding and severe sedation in a newborn nursed by a mother on low dose amitriptyline. Breastfeed Med; 12:67-8.
  • Uguz, Faruk. “A New Safety Scoring System for the Use of Psychotropic Drugs During Lactation.” American journal of therapeutics 28,1 (2021): e118-e126. doi:10.1097/MJT.0000000000000909
  • Vree PH, et al. 1985. A newborn infant with amitriptyline poisoning, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd; 129(19):910-912.
  • Wang, Xiao-Yan et al. “Antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk for gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians 36,1 (2023): 2162817. doi:10.1080/14767058.2022.2162817
  • Weissman, Alicia M et al. “Pooled analysis of antidepressant levels in lactating mothers, breast milk, and nursing infants.” The American journal of psychiatry 161,6 (2004): 1066-78. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.6.1066
  • Yoshida K, et al. 1997. Investigation of pharmacokinetics and possible adverse effects in infants exposed to tricyclic antidepressants in breast-milk. J Affective Disord. 43:225-37.

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