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Antiviral Medications to Treat/Prevent Influenza (the Flu)

Selected References:

  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). 2018. Committee Opinion No. 753: Assessment and treatment of pregnant women with suspected or confirmed influenza. Obstet Gyn, 132(4):e169-e173.
  • Aoki FY, et al. 2013. The use of antiviral drugs for influenza: A foundation document for practitioners. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol, 24(Suppl C):1-15.
  • Beau A-B, et al. 2014. Safety of oseltamivir during pregnancy: a comparative study using the EFEMERIS database. BJOG, 121(7):895-900.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011. Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza. MMWR, 60(No. RR-1):1-25.
  • Chambers CD, et al, OTIS Collaborative Research Group. 2019. Oseltamivir use in pregnancy: Risk of birth defects, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age infants. Birth Defects Res, 111(19):1487-1493.
  • Dunstan H, et al. 2014. Pregnancy outcome following maternal use of zanamivir or oseltamivir during the 2009 influenza A/H1N1 pandemic: a national prospective surveillance study. BJOG, 121(7):901-906.
  • Graner S, et al. 2017. Neuraminidase inhibitors during pregnancy and risk of adverse neonatal outcomes and congenital malformations: population based European register study. BMJ, 356:j629.
  • Greer LG, et al. 2010. Maternal and neonatal outcomes after antepartum treatment of influenza with antiviral medications. Obstet Gynecol, 115(4):711-716.
  • Greer LG, et al. 2011. Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in breast milk and maternal plasma. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 204: 524.e1-4.
  • Laibl VR and Sheffield JS. 2005. Influenza and pneumonia in pregnancy. Clinics in Perinatology, 32:727-738.
  • Saito S, et al. 2013. Outcomes of infants exposed to oseltamivir or zanamivir in utero during pandemic (H1N1) 2009. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 209 (2): 130.e1-9.
  • Siston A, et al. 2010. Pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus illness among pregnant women in the United States. JAMA, 3030(15):1517-1525.
  • Svensson T, et al. 2011. Birth outcomes among women exposed to neuraminidase inhibitors during pregnancy. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 20(10): 1030-1034.
  • Tanaka T, et al. 2009. Safety of neuraminidase inhibitors against novel influenza A (H1N1) in pregnant and breastfeeding women. CMAJ, 181(1-2):55-58.
  • Van Bennekom CM, Kerr SM, Mitchell AA. 2019. Oseltamivir exposure in pregnancy and the risk of specific birth defects. Birth Defects Res, 111(19):1479-1486.
  • Wentges-van Holthe N, et al. 2008. Oseltamivir and breastfeeding. Int J Infect Dis, 12:451.
  • Wollenhaupt M, et al. 2014. The safety of oseltamivir in pregnancy: an updated review of post-marketing data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 23(10):1035-1042.
  • Xie H-Y, et al. 2013. Infant outcomes among pregnant women who used oseltamivir for treatment of influenza during the H1N1 epidemic. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 208:293.e1-7.