Call Text Chat Email Refer a Patient Join a Study

Search

MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)

Selected References:  

  • Barr DB, et al. 2010. Pesticide concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord sera and their relation to birth outcomes in a population of pregnant women and newborns in New Jersey. Sci Total Environ​,​ 408(4):790-795.  
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 20​22​. Prevent Mosquito Bites. Available at URL: https://www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/prevent-mosquito-bites.html.  
  • Hall JG, et al. 1975. Coarctation of the aorta in male cousins with similar maternal environmental exposure to insect repellant and insecticides. Pediatrics 55:425-427.  
  • Koren G, et al. 2003. DEET-based insect ​repellents​: safety implications for children and pregnant and lactating women. CMAJ​,​ 169(3):209-212.  
  • Kuhlmann RS, et al. 1981. N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide: embryonic sensitivity. Teratology​,​ 23:48a.  
  • McGready R, et al. 2001. Safety of the insect repellant N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg​,​ 65:285-​28​9.  
  • Özokan G et al. 2024. Comparison of the cytotoxicity and zebrafish embryo toxicity of insect repellent ingredients: p-Methane-3, 8-diol synthesized by green chemistry from Eucalyptus citriodora and N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 47(6): 1193-1294. 
  • Schaefer C and Peters PW. 1992. Intrauterine diethyltoluamide exposure and fetal outcome. Reprod Toxicol​,​ 6:175-​17​6.  
  • Schoenig GP, et al. 1994. Teratologic evaluations of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in rats and rabbits. Fundam Appl Toxicol​,​ 23:63-​6​9.  
  • Segal TR, et al. 2017. Urinary concentrations of 3-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (DCBA), a major metabolite of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and semen parameters among men attending a fertility center. Hum Reprod​,​ 32(12):​     ​2532-2539. 
  • Selim S, et al. 1995. Absorption and metabolism of DEET following dermal application to human volunteers. Fundam Appl Toxicol​,​ 25:95-100.  
  • Snodgrass RL, et al. 1982. Dermal penetration and potential for placental transfer of the insect repellant, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J​,​ 43:747-753.  
  • Sudakin DL, Trevathan WR. 2003. DEET: a review and update of safety and risk in the general population. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 41(6):831-9.  
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ​​20​22​. DEET. Available at URL: https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/deet. 
  • Wickerham EL, et al. 2012. Reduced birth weight in relation to pesticide mixtures detected in cord blood of full-term infants. Environmental International​,​ 47:80-85.  
  • Wright DM, et al. 1992. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol​,​ 19:33-42.  
  • Wylie BJ, et al. 2016. Insect repellants during pregnancy in the era of the Zika virus. Obstet Gynecol​,​​     ​ 128(5):1111-1115.  

This website is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of an award totaling $6,000,000 with zero percentage financed with non-governmental sources. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement by, HRSA, HHS, or the U.S. Government.