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DEET (N,N-ethyl-m-toluamide)

Selected References

  • Barr DB, et al. 2010. Pesticide concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord sera and their relation to birth outcomes in a population of pregnant women and newborns in New Jersey. Sci Total Environ 408(4):790-795.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. Prevent Mosquito Bites. Available at URL: https://www.cdc.gov/zika/prevention/prevent-mosquito-bites.html.
  • Hall JG, et al. 1975. Coarctation of the aorta in male cousins with similar maternal environmental exposure to insect repellant and insecticides. Pediatrics 55:425-427.
  • Koren G, et al. 2003. DEET-based insect repellants: safety implications for children and pregnant and lactating women. CMAJ 169(3):209-212.
  • Kuhlmann RS, et al. 1981. N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide: embryonic sensitivity. Teratology 23:48a.
  • McGready R, et al. 2001. Safety of the insect repellant N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) in pregnancy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65:285-9.
  • Schaefer C and Peters PW. 1992. Intrauterine diethyltoluamide exposure and fetal outcome. Reprod Toxicol 6:175-6.
  • Schoenig GP, et al. 1994. Teratologic evaluations of N,N-diethyl-m-touamide (DEET) in rats and rabbits. Fundam Appl Toxicol 23:63-9.
  • Segal TR, et al. 2017. Urinary concentrations of 3-(diethylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid (DCBA), a major metabolite of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and semen parameters among men attending a fertility center. Hum Reprod 32(12): 2532-2539.
  • Selim S, et al. 1995. Absorption and metabolism of DEET following dermal application to human volunteers. Fundam Appl Toxicol 25:95-100.
  • Snodgrass RL, et al. 1982. Dermal penetration and potential for placental transfer of the insect repellant, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 43:747-753.
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2017. DEET. Available at URL: https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/deet.
  • Wickerham EL, et al. 2012. Reduced birth weight in relation to pesticide mixtures detected in cord blood of full-term infants. Environmental International 47:80-85.
  • Wright DM, et al. 1992. Reproductive and developmental toxicity of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 19:33-42.
  • Wylie BJ, et al. 2016. Insect repellants during pregnancy in the era of the Zika virus. Obstet Gynecol. 128(5):1111-1115.