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MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Dextroamphetamine

Selected References:

  • Anderson KN, et al. 2020. ADHD medication use during pregnancy and risk for selected birth defects: national birth defects prevention study, 1998-2011. J Atten Disord, 24(3):479-489. 
  • Bang Madsen K., et al. 2025. In utero exposure to methylphenidate, amphetamines and atomoxetine and offspring neurodevelopmental disorders – a population-based cohort study and meta-analysis. Molecular psychiatry, 30(9), 3885–3894. 
  • Benassayag Kaduri N, et al. 2024. Amphetamine use for attention deficit hyperactive disorder during breastfeeding and children’s neurodevelopmental outcomes: A pilot study. Psychiatry research, 339, 116047.  
  • Cohen JM, et al. 2017. Placental complications associated with psychostimulant use in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol, 130(6):1192-1201. 
  • Golub M, et al. 2005. NTP CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of amphetamine and methamphetamine. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol, 74(6):471-584. 
  • Hasan SA, et al., 2026. Prescription Stimulant Continuation in Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes. Journal of attention disorders, 30(3), 315–328. 
  • Huybrechts KF, et al. 2018. Association between methylphenidate and amphetamine use in pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations: a cohort study from the international pregnancy safety study consortium. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(2):167-175. 
  • Ilett KF, et al. 2007. Transfer of dexamphetamine into breast milk during treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 63(3):371-375. 
  • Naeye RL, 1983. Maternal use of dextroamphetamine and growth of the fetus. Pharmacology, 26(2):117-120. 
  • Newport DJ, et al. 2016. Prenatal psychostimulant and antidepressant exposure and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Clin Psychiatry. 77(11):1538-45.  
  • Norby U et al. 2017. Perinatal outcomes after treatment with ADHD medication during pregnancy. Pediatrics 140(6).  
  • Ornoy A, 2018. Pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy and lactation. Pharm Res, 35:46 
  • Öhman I, et al. 2015. Narcolepsy treated with racemic amphetamine during pregnancy and breastfeeding. J Hum Lact 31:374-6. 
  • Pham MN, et al. 2022. The adverse association between stimulant use for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and semen parameters. Andrologia, 54(2), e14315. 
  • Poulton AS et al. 2018. Perinatal outcomes of women diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An Australian population-based cohort study. CNS Drugs 32(4):377-386. 
  • Rastegar-Pouyani N., et al. 2025. Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine and Its Association With Birth Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Birth defects research, 117(7), e2488 
  • Rose SJ, et al., 2020. Amphetamine–dextroamphetamine and pregnancy: neonatal outcomes after prenatal prescription mixed amphetamine exposure. Journal of Attention Disorders, 25(9):1295-1301. 
  • Russell DJ, et al. 2024. Investigating maternal and neonatal health outcomes associated with continuing or ceasing dexamphetamine treatment for women with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. Arch Womens Ment Health; 27(5):785-794.  
  • Srinivas C, et al. 2025. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder medication use in pregnancy and risk of miscarriage. The British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science, 1–7.  
  • Srinivas, C, et al. 2025. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Use in Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Birth: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 10.1111/ppe.70031. 
  • Suarez EA, et al. 2024. Prescription Stimulant Use During Pregnancy and Risk of Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children. JAMA psychiatry, 81(5), 477–488. 
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2017. Vyvanse ® (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate). [Accessed 3/2026]. from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208510lbl.pdf.  

 

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