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MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Eating Raw, Undercooked, or Cold Meats and Seafood

Selected References:

  • Bieńkowski CA, et al. 2022. Analysis of preventable risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women: case-control study. J Clin Med. 11(4):1005. 
  • Buzby, JC, 2001. Children and Microbial Foodborne Illness. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service 24(2): 1-6. 
  • Cavaliere AF, et al. 2023. Case report: vertical transmission of Plesiomonas shigelloides. Is it time to strengthen information on safety concerns for raw seafood dietary exposure in pregnancy? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 36(1):2220061.  
  • Cerisola A, et al. 2025. Congenital toxoplasmosis. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 54:101203.  
  • Craig AM, et al. 2019. Listeriosis in Pregnancy: A Review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 74(6):362–368.  
  • Illinois Department of Public Health. ND. Safe food handling. https://www.idph.state.il.us/public/hb/hbsafefood.htm/ Accessed 16 June 2026. 
  • Jeffs E, et al. 2020. The epidemiology of listeriosis in pregnant women and children in New Zealand from 1997 to 2016: an observational study. BMC Public Health. 20(1):116.  
  • Jones JL. 2011. Sushi in pregnancy, parasitic diseases – obstetrician survey. Zoonoses Public Health. 58(2):119-125.  
  • Montoya JG, et al 2024. Toxoplasmosis. Lancet. 363(9425):1965-1976.  
  • New York State Department of Health. 2014. Advice on Eating Game. https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/outdoors/fish/health_advisories/advice_on_eating_game.htm. Accessed 16 June 2026. 
  • Oyeyemi OT, et al. 2020. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: A neglected bane but a serious threat in Nigeria. Parasitology. 147(2):127–134. 
  • Quinlan JJ. 2013. Foodborne illness incidence rates and food safety risks for populations of low socioeconomic status and minority race/ethnicity: a review of the literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 10(8): 3634-3652. 
  • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2024. About Listeria infection. https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/about/index.html. Accessed 16 June 2026.  
  • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2025. About Bacterial Meningitis. https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/bacterial-meningitis.html. Accessed 16 June 2026. 
  • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2024. About Salmonella Infection. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/about/index.html. Accessed 16 June 2026.  
  • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2025. About Toxoplasmosis. https://www.cdc.gov/toxoplasmosis/about/index.html. Accessed 16 June 2026. 
  • U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2024. About Vibrio infection. https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/about/index.html/ Accessed 16 June 2026.  
  • United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2025. Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart. https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/safe-temperature-chart. Accessed 16 June 2026.  

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