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Fluphenazine (Prolixin®, Permitil®)

Selected References:

  • Aleem M, et al. 2005. Hyperprolactinemia affects spermiogenesis in adult male rats. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 28(1):39-48.
  • Auerbach JG, et al. 1992. Maternal psychotropic medication and neonatal behavior. Neurotoxicol Teratol 14(6):399-406.
  • Cleary MF. 1977. Fluphenazine decanoate during pregnancy. Am J Psychiat 134:815-816.
  • Donaldson GL, Bury RG. 1982. Multiple congenital abnormalities in a newborn boy associated with maternal use of fluphenazine enanthate and other drugs during pregnancy. Acta Paediatr Scand 71:335-338.
  • Einarson A, Boskovic R. 2009. Use and safety of antipsychotic drugs during pregnancy. J Psychiatr Pract 15(3):183-192.
  • 2011. Drug Safety Communication: Antipsychotic drug labels updated on use during pregnancy and risk of abnormal muscle movements and withdrawal symptoms in newborns (issued 2/2011). https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm243903.htm
  • 2018. Retrieved from https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search2
  • Gill-Sharma MK, et al. 2003. Antifertility effects of fluphenazine in adult male rats. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 26(4):316-326.
  • Gomez EA. 1981. Hypersexuality in men receiving fluphenazine decanoate (letter). Am J Psychiatry 138:1263.
  • Holt RI, Peveler RC. 2011. Antipsychotics and hyperprolactinaemia: mechanisms, consequences and management. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 74(2):141-147.
  • King JT, et al. 1963.Perinatal findings in women treated during pregnancy with oral fluphenazine. J New Drugs ;3:21-5
  • Kopf GS, Vacquier VD. 2011. Characterization of a calmodulin-stimulated adenylate cyclase from abalone spermatozoa. J Biol Chem 259:7590-7596.
  • Maguire GA. 2002. Prolactin elevation with antipsychotic medications: mechanisms of action and clinical consequences. J Clin Psychiatry 63(suppl 4):56-62.
  • Martinez JE, Wertelecki W. 1999. Schizophrenia and fluphenazine teratogenicity. Teratology 59:398.
  • Merlob P, et al. 1994. Is fluphenazine a teratogen? Am J Med Genet 52:231-232.
  • Mogwitz S, et al. 2018. Update on the Pharmacological Treatment of Tics with Dopamine-Modulating Agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 9(4):651-672.
  • Nath SP, et al. 1996. Severe rhinorrhea and respiratory distress in a neonate exposed to fluphenazine hydrochloride prenatally. Ann Pharmacotherapy 30:35-37.
  • Rumeau-Rouquette C, et al. 1977. Possible teratogenic effect of phenothiazines in human beings. Teratology15:57-64.
  • Serres C, Kahn ML. 1984. Motility induction in hamster spermatozoa from caput epididymis: effect of forward motility protein (FMP) and calmodulin inhibitor. Reprod Nutr Dev 24:81-94.
  • Siragusa S, et al. 2022. Fluphenazine. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing;. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459194/.

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