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Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

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Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICSs)

Selected References:  

  • Alhussien A, et al. 2018. Safety of intranasal corticosteroid sprays during pregnancy: and updated Review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 275(2):325-333.
  • Bakhireva LN, et al. 2005. Asthma medication use in pregnancy and fetal growth. Allergy Clin Immunol 116(3):503-509. 
  • Bay Bjørn AM, et al. 2014. Use of corticosteroids in early pregnancy is not associated with risk of oral clefts and other congenital malformations in offspring. Am J Ther; 21(2):73-80. 
  • Bay Bjørn AM, et al. 2015. Use of Inhaled and Oral Corticosteroids in Pregnancy and the Risk of Malformations or Miscarriage. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 116: 308-314. 
  • Bérard A, et al. 2016. Intranasal triamcinolone use during pregnancy and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 136(1):97-104. 
  • Blais L, et al. 2007. Use of inhaled corticosteroids during the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations among women with asthma. Thorax 62:320-328. 
  • Blais L, et al. 2009. High doses of inhaled corticosteroids during the first trimester of pregnancy and congenital malformations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 124(6):1229-1234. 
  • Charlton RA, et al. 2015. Safety of fluticasone propionate prescribed for asthma during pregnancy: A UK population-based cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 3(5):772-9.e3. 
  • Cossette B, et al. 2013. Impact of maternal use of asthma-controller therapy on perinatal outcomes. Thorax 68(8):724-30. 
  • Ellsworth A. 1994. Pharmacotherapy of asthma while breastfeeding. J Hum Lact 10:39-41. 
  • Fält A, et al. 2007. Exposure of infants to budesonide through breast milk of asthmatic mothers. J Allergy Clin Immunol 120(4):798-802.  
  • Gade EJ, et al. 2022. Challenges in the successful management of asthma during conception, pregnancy and delivery. Breathe 18:220013. 
  • Greenberger PA, Patterson R. 1983. Beclomethasone dipropionate for severe asthma during pregnancy. Ann Internal Med 98:478-480. 
  • Källén B, et al. 1999. Congenital malformations after the use of inhaled budesonide in early pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 93(3):392-395.  
  • Lee, S, et al. 2024. Impact of Asthma Medications During Pregnancy on Asthma Exacerbation, Maternal, and Neonatal Outcomes. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice, 12(6), 1549–1557.e3.  
  • Lim AS, et al. 2011. Management of asthma in pregnant women by general practitioners: A cross sectional survey BMC Family Practice 12:121  
  • Namazy J, et al. 2004. Use of inhaled steroids by pregnant asthmatic women does not reduce intrauterine growth. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113(3):427-432.  
  • Norjavaara E and Gerhardsson de Verdier MG. 2003. Normal pregnancy outcomes in a population-based study including 2968 pregnant women exposed to budesonide. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111(4):736-742.  
  • Rocklin RE. 2011. Asthma, asthma medications and their effects on maternal/fetal outcomes during pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 32 (2011) 189–197  
  • Schatz M, et al. 2004. The relationship of asthma medication use to perinatal outcomes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 113(6):1040-1045. 
  • Steinberg JA. 2015. Perception versus reality: the saga of inhaled asthma controller medication and fetal risk. J Allergy Clin Immunol 135(1):131-2.
  • Wei, J, et al. 2023. The risk of congenital heart defects associated with corticosteroids use during the first trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 79(1), 1–11.  

 

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