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Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Methamphetamine

Selected References:

  • ACOG Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women. 2011 (reaffirmed 2021). Committee Opinion No. 479: Methamphetamine abuse in women of reproductive age. Obstet Gynecol; 117:751-5. 
  • Ajayi AF et al. 2020.  The physiology of male reproduction: Impact of drugs and their abuse on male fertility. Andrologia; 52(9): e13672. 
  • Brecht ML, Herbeck DM. 2014. Pregnancy and fetal loss reported by methamphetamine-using women. Subst Abuse; 8:25-33.  
  • Chang L, et al. 2004. Smaller subcortical volumes and cognitive deficits in children with prenatal methamphetamine exposure. Psych Res:Neuroimaging; 132:95-106.  
  • Chomchai C, et al. 2016. Transfer of methamphetamine (MA) into breast milk and urine of postpartum women who smoked MA tablets during pregnancy: Implications for initiation of breastfeeding. J Hum Lact; 32:333-9. 
  • Chu EK, et al. 2020. Behavior Problems During Early Childhood in Children With Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure. Pediatrics; 146(6):e20190270. 
  • Cohen JM, et al. 2017. Placental complications associated with psychostimulant use in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol; 130(6):1192-201. 
  • Courtney KE, Ray LA. 2014. Methamphetamine: an update on epidemiology, pharmacology, clinical phenomenology, and treatment literature. Drug Alcohol Depend; 1;143:11-21.  
  • Derauf C, et al. 2012. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure and inhibitory control among young school-age children. J Pediatr; 161(3):452-9. 
  • Dinger J, et al. 2017. Methamphetamine consumption during pregnancy – effects on child health. Pharmacopsychiatry; 50(3):107-113.  
  • Dyk Jv, et al. 2014. Maternal methamphetamine use in pregnancy and long-term neurodevelopmental and behavioral deficits in children. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol; 21(2):e185-96. 
  • Eriksson M, et al. 1981. Amphetamine addiction and pregnancy II. Pregnancy, delivery and the neonatal period. Socio-medical aspects. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand; 60:253-259, 1981. 
  • Garey JD, et al. 2020 Teratogen update: Amphetamines. Birth Defects Res; 112(15):1171-1182.  
  • Golub M, et al. 2005. NTP CERHR Expert Panel Report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of amphetamine and methamphetamine. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol; 74(6):471-584.  
  • Good MM, et al. 2010. Methamphetamine use during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal implications. Obstet Gynecol; 116(2 Pt 1):330-4. 
  • Gorman MC, et al. 2014. Outcomes in pregnancies complicated by methamphetamine use. Am J Obstet Gynecol; 211(4):429.e1-7. 
  • Hamed M, et al. 2023. Psychoactive drugs and male fertility: impacts and mechanisms. Reprod Biol Endocrinol; 21,69. 
  • Harst L, et al. 2021. Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure: Effects on Child Development–A Systematic Review. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 7;118(18):313-319 
  • Hayer S, et al. 2024. Prenatal methamphetamine use increases risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology; 231(3),356.e1–356.e15.  
  • Heinonen OP, et al. 1977. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Littleton, MA: John Wright-PSG, pp 346-347, 439.  
  • LaGasse LL, et al. 2011. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure and neonatal neurobehavioral outcome in the USA and New Zealand. Neurotoxicol Teratol; 33(1):166-75. 
  • LaGasse LL, et al. 2012. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure and childhood behavior at 3 and 5 years of age. Pediatrics; 129(4):681-688. 
  • Little BB, et al. 1988. Methamphetamine abuse during pregnancy: outcome and fetal effects. Obstet Gynecol; 72:541-4. 
  • Kalaitzopoulos DR, et al. 2018. Effect of methamphetamine hydrochloride on pregnancy outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Addict Med;. 12(3):220-226. 
  • Kittirattanapaiboon P, et al. 2017. Methamphetamine use and dependence in vulnerable female populations. Curr Opin Psychiatry; 30(4):247-252. 
  • Kwiatkowski MA, et al. 2018. Cognitive outcomes in prenatal methamphetamine exposed children aged six to seven years. Compr Psychiatry; 80:24-33. 
  • Newport DJ, et al. 2016. Prenatal psychostimulant and antidepressant exposure and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Clin Psychiatry; 77(11):1538-45. 
  • Nguyen D, et al. 2010. Intrauterine growth of infants exposed to prenatal methamphetamine: results from the infant development, environment, and lifestyle study. J Pediatr; 157(2):337-9. 
  • Ornoy A. 2018. Pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy and lactation. Pharm Res; 35:46. 
  • Pentecost R, et al. 2021. Scoping Review of the Associations Between Perinatal Substance Use and Perinatal Depression and Anxiety. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs; 50(4):382-391 
  • Pflügner A, et al. 2018. [Methamphetamine consumption during pregnancy and its effects on neonates]. Klin Padiatr; 230(1):31-38.  
  • Pierce SL, et al. 2019. Methamphetamine-associated cardiomyopathy in pregnancy. Mayo Clinic Proc; 94(3):551-554.  
  • Rastegar-Pouyani N, et al. 2025. Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine and Its Association With Birth Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Birth defects research; 117(7), e2488. 
  • Roussotte FF, et al. 2012. Frontostriatal connectivity in children during working memory and the effects of prenatal methamphetamine, alcohol, and polydrug exposure. Dev Neurosci; 34(1):43-57. 
  • Sanjari Moghaddam H, et al. 2021. Effects of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure on the Developing Human Brain: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies. ACS Chem Neurosci.  4;12(15):2729-2748. 
  • Sankaran, D, et al. 2021. Methamphetamine: burden, mechanism and impact on pregnancy, the fetus, and newborn. J Perinatol.  
  • Shah R, et al. 2012. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure and short-term maternal and infant medical outcomes. Am J Perinatol; 29(5):391-400. 
  • Smid MC, et al. 2019. Stimulant use in pregnancy: An under-recognized epidemic among pregnant women. Clin Obstet Gynecol; 62(1):168-184. 
  • Smith LM, et al. 2003. Effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure on fetal growth and drug withdrawal symptoms in infants born at term. J Dev Behav Pediatr; 24(1):17-23.  
  • Smith LM, et al. 2006. The infant development, environment, and lifestyle study: effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure, polydrug exposure, and poverty on intrauterine growth. Pediatrics; 118(3):1149-56. 
  • Smith LM, et al. 2008. Prenatal methamphetamine use and neonatal neurobehavioral outcome. Neurotoxicol Teratol; 30(1):20-28.  
  • Smith LM, et al. 2011. Motor and cognitive outcomes through three years of age in children exposed to prenatal methamphetamine. Neurotoxicol Teratol; 33(1):176-84. 
  • Stewart JL, Meeker JE. 1997. Fetal and infant deaths associated with maternal methamphetamine abuse. J Anal Toxicol; 21(6):515-7. 
  • Twomey J, et al. 2013. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure, home environment, and primary caregiver risk factors predict child behavioral problems at 5 years. The American journal of orthopsychiatry; 83(1):64-72. 
  • Wouldes TA, et al. 2014. Prenatal methamphetamine exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children from 1 to 3 years. Neurotoxicol Teratol; 42:77-84. 
  • Wouldes TA, Lester BM. 2023. Opioid, methamphetamine, and polysubstance use: perinatal outcomes for the mother and infant. Front Pediatr. 1:1305508. 
  • Wright TE, et al. 2015. Methamphetamines and pregnancy outcomes. J Addict Med; 9(2):111-7. 

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