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Miconazole

Selected References:

  • Butler DC, et al. 2014. Safety of dermatologic medications in pregnancy and lactation: Part II. Lactation. J Am Acad Dermatol, 70(3):417 e1-10.
  • Carter TC, et al. 2008. Antifungal drugs and the risk of selected birth defects. Am J Obstet Gyn, 198:191- 193.
  • Czeizel AE, et al. 2004. Population-based case-control teratologic study of topical miconazole. Congenit Anom, 44:41-45.
  • Daniel S, et al. 2018. Vaginal antimycotics and the risk for spontaneous abortions. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 218(6):601.e1-601.e7.
  • Giavini E, Menegola E. 2010. Are azole fungicides a teratogenic risk for human conceptus? Toxicol Lett, 198(2):106-111.
  • Kazy Z, et al. 2005. The possible association between the combination of vaginal metronidazole and miconazole treatment and poly-syndactyly population-based case-control teratologic study. Reprod Toxicol, 20:89-94.
  • Mendling W, Brasch J. 2012. Guidelines vulvovaginal candidosis (2010) of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Working Group for Infections and Infectimmunology in Gynecology and Obstetrics, the German Society of Dermatology, the Board of German Dermatologists and German speaking Mycological Society. Mycoses, Jul (55) Suppl 3:1-13.
  • Murase JE, et al. 2014. Safety of dermatologic medications in pregnancy and lactation: Part 1 Pregnancy. J Am Acad Dermatol, 70(3):401.e1-14.
  • Rotem R, et al. 2018. Risk of major congenital malformations following first-trimester exposure to vaginal azoles used for treating vulvovaginal candidiasis: a population-based retrospective cohort study. BJOG, 125(12):1550-1556.
  • Stevens RE, et al. 2002. Bioavailability study of a 1200 mg miconazole nitrate vaginal ovule in healthy female adults. J Clin Pharmacol, 42(1):52-60.
  • Tiboni GM et al. 2008. Teratogenic effects in mouse fetuses subjected to the concurrent in utero exposure to miconazole and metronidazole. Reprod Toxicol, 26(3-4):254-61.

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