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Midazolam

Selected References:

  • Bach V, et al. 1989. A randomized comparison between midazolam and thiopental for elective cesarean section anesthesia. III. Placental transfer and elimination in neonates. Anesth Analg. 68:238-42.
  • Frolich MA, et al. 2006. A single dose of fentanyl and midazolam prior to Cesarean section have no adverse neonatal effects. Can J Anaesth. 53(1):79-85.
  • Iyilikci L, et al. 2007. Sedation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a pregnant patient. J Anesth. 21(1):69-71.
  • Kanto J, et al. 1984. Pharmacokinetics and sedative effect of midazolam in connection with cesarean section performed under epidural analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 28:116-8.
  • Kelly LE, et al. 2012. Neonatal Benzodiazepines Exposure during Breastfeeding. J Pediatr. 161(3):448-451.
  • Koitabashi T, et al. 1997. Intravenous midazolam passage into breast milk. J Anesth. 11:242-3.
  • Nitsun M, et al. 2006. Pharmacokinetics of midazolam, propofol, and fentanyl transfer to human breast milk. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 79:549-57.
  • Olutoye OA, et al. 2018. Food and Drug Administration warning on anesthesia and brain development: implications for obstetric and fetal surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 218(1):98-102.
  • Senel AC, Mergan F. 2014. Premedication with midazolam prior to caesarean section has no neonatal adverse effects. Braz J Anesthesiol. 64(1):16-21.
  • Shergill AK, et al. 2012. Guidelines for endoscopy in pregnant and lactating women. Gastrointest Endosc. 76(1):18-24.
  • Swanson RJ, Leavitt MG. 1992. Fertilization and mouse embryo development in the presence of midazolam. Anesth Analg 75: 549-54, 1992.
  • Wilson CM, et al. 1987. A comparison of the early pharmacokinetics of midazolam in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Anaesthesia. 42:1057-62.
  • Xu J, et al 2019. Early Developmental Exposure to Repetitive Long Duration of Midazolam Sedation Causes Behavioral and Synaptic Alterations in a Rodent Model of Neurodevelopment. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 31(1):151-62.
  • Young C, et al. 2005. Potential of ketamine and midazolam, individually or in combination, to induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the infant mouse brain. Br J Pharmacol. 146(2):189-97.