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MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Mpox (formerly known as Monkeypox)

Selected References:

  • Allan-Blitz L.T, Klausner J.D. 2023. Current Evidence Demonstrates That Monkeypox Is a Sexually Transmitted Infection. Sex Transm Dis. 1;50(2):63-65.  
  • Antinori A, et al; INMI Monkeypox Group. 2022. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy. Euro Surveill;27(22):2200421.  
  • Brosius I, et al. 2025. Epidemiological and clinical features of mpox during the clade Ib outbreak in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a prospective cohort study. Lancet; 405(10478):547-559.   
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2024. How to Prevent STIs. Accessed August 2026. https://www.cdc.gov/sti/prevention/index.html.  
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2026. Monkeypox Clinical Care and Treatment During Pregnancy. https://www.cdc.gov/monkeypox/hcp/clinical-care/pregnancy.html. Accessed August 2026. 
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2024. Preventing Mpox. Accessed August 2026.  https://www.cdc.gov/monkeypox/prevention/index.html.  
  • D’Antonio F, et al. 2023. Monkeypox infection in pregnancy: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM; 5(1):100747.  
  • Dorjey Y, Chhetri DK. 2026. Mpox (Monkeypox) in Pregnancy Updates. Health Sci Rep; 9(3):e72111.   
  • García-Hernández L, et al. 2024. Case report: clinical presentation of Mpox in pregnancy. Rev Clin Esp (Barc). (4):245-247. 
  • Hufstetler K, et al. 2024. Clinical Updates in Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2024. J Womens Health (Larchmt); 33(6):827-837.  
  • Khalil A, et al. 2022. Mpox and pregnancy: what do obstetricians need to know? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol; 60(1):22-27. 
  • Kisalu NK and Mokili JL. 2017. Toward understanding the outcomes of mpox infection in human pregnancy. J Infectious Diseases; 216(7):795–797. 
  • Masirika LM, et al. 2025. Epidemiological and genomic evolution of the ongoing outbreak of clade Ib mpox virus in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Nat Med; 31:1459–1463.  
  • Mbala PK, et al. 2017.  Maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women with human mpox infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo. J Infectious Diseases; 216(7):824-828. 
  • Oakley LP, et al; CDC Mpox Analytics Team. 2023. Mpox Cases Among Cisgender Women and Pregnant Persons – United States, May 11-November 7, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep; 72(1):9-14. 
  • Ogoina D, et al. 2020. Clinical course and outcome of human mpox in Nigeria. Clin Infect Dis. 71:e210–e214. 
  • Ogoina D, et al. 2023. Clinical review of human mpox. Clin Microbiol Infect; 29(12):1493-1501.   
  • Perez-Saez J, et al. 2026. The Incubation Periods of Mpox Virus Clade Ib. Ann Intern Med; 179(2):207-215.  
  • Rao AK, et al. 2023. Interim Clinical Treatment Considerations for Severe Manifestations of Mpox — United States, February 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep; 72:232–243. 
  • Roth NM, et al. 2026. Mpox Among Pregnant Women and Their Infants in the U.S. Outbreak, 2022-2023. Obstet Gynecol; 147(3):415-421.   
  • Sampson MM, et al. 2023. Mpox (Monkeypox) Infection During Pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol; 1;141(5):1007-1010.  
  • Sanchez Clemente N, et al. 2024. Paediatric, maternal, and congenital mpox: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health; 12(4):e572-e588.  
  • Schwartz DA. 2024. High Rates of Miscarriage and Stillbirth among Pregnant Women with Clade I Mpox (Mpox) Are Confirmed during 2023-2024 DR Congo Outbreak in South Kivu Province. Viruses; 13;16(7):1123.  
  • Selb R, et al; Berlin MPX study group. 2022. A shift from travel-associated cases to autochthonous transmission with Berlin as epicentre of the monkeypox outbreak in Germany, May to June 2022. Euro Surveill; 27(27):2200499. 
  • Vakaniaki EH, et al; MBOTE-SK Consortium; PREGMPOX Consortium; PALM007 Consortium; Uvira Study Group. 2026. Maternal and neonatal outcomes after infection with monkeypox virus clade I during pregnancy in DR Congo: a pooled, prospective cohort study. Lancet; 407(10525):256-266. 
  • Wang Y, et al. 2025. Mpox: disease manifestations and therapeutic development. J Virol; 99(9):e0015225.  
  • World Health Organization. 2022. WHO recommends new name for Monkeypox disease. Accessed 9-2024 & 8-2026. https://www.who.int/news/item/28-11-2022-who-recommends-new-name-for-monkeypox-disease. 

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