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MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Naloxone

Selected References:

  • Atluru S, et al. 2024. Naltrexone Compared With Buprenorphine or Methadone in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review. Obstet Gynecol. 143(3):403-410.  
  • Bello JK. 2024. Pregnancy Rates Among Women Treated with Medication for Opioid Use Disorder. J Gen Intern Med. 39(8):1342-1348.  
  • Blandthorn J, et al. 2018. Managing opioid overdose in pregnancy with take-home naloxone. Aust N Z J Obstet Gyneacol. 58(4):460-462. 
  • Caritis SN, Venkataramanan R. 2020. Naltrexone use in pregnancy: a time for change. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 222(1):1-2. 
  • Debelak K, et al. 2013. Buprenorphine + Naloxone in the treatment of opioid dependence during pregnancy-initial patient care and outcome data. Am J Addict. 22(3):252-254.  
  • Flannagan KS, et al. 2020. Prescription opioid use among populations of reproductive age: effects on fertility, pregnancy loss, and pregnancy complications. Epidemiol Rev. 42(1): 117-133. 
  • Gawronski KM, et al. 2014. Neonatal outcomes following in utero exposure to buprenorphine/naloxone or methadone. SAGE Open Med. 2:2050312114530282. 
  • Goshgarian G, et al. Prenatal Buprenorphine/Naloxone or Methadone Use on Neonatal Outcomes in Michigan. Cureus.14(8):e27790. 
  • Griffiths S, et al. 2021. Use of injectable opioid agonist therapy in a in-patient setting for a pregnant patient with opioid use disorder: A case report. J Addict Med. 15(5):435-438. 
  • Jones HE, Kraft WK. 2019. Analgesia, Opioids, and Other Drug Use During Pregnancy and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Clin Perinatol. 46(2):349-366. 
  • Jansson LM, et al. 2024. Buprenorphine-Naloxone Maintenance and Lactation. J Hum Lact. 40(1): 113-119. 
  • Jumah NA, et al. 2016. Observational study of the safety of buprenorphine+naloxone in pregnancy in a rural and remote population. BMJ Open. 6(10):e011774. 
  • Kanervo M, et al. 2023. Buprenorphine‐naloxone, buprenorphine, and methadone throughout pregnancy in maternal opioid use disorder. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 102(3): 313-322. 
  • Kanervo M, et al. 2024. Intrauterine exposure to maternal opioid maintenance treatment and associated risk factors may impair child growth. Acta Paediatr. 113(7):1579-1591. 
  • Kanervo MM, et al. 2025. Neurodevelopmental challenges at age four following fetal exposure to maternal opioid maintenance treatment. Pediatr Res. 98(5):1737-1745. 
  • Link HM, et al. 2020. Buprenorphine-naloxone use in pregnancy: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2(3):100179. 
  • Link, HM, et al. 2021. Buprenorphine-naloxone use in pregnancy: a subgroup analysis of medication to treat opioid use disorder. American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM. 3(5): 100369. 
  • Mantri S, et al. 2024. Neurobehavioral outcomes of infants exposed to buprenorphine-naloxone compared with naltrexone during pregnancy. Early Hum Dev. 194:106051. 
  • Mitchell C, et al. 2020. Management of dependent use of illicit opioids. BMJ 368:m710.  
  • Müller S, et al. 2023. Treatment of chronic nodular prurigo with intravenous naloxone during pregnancy. Journal of the Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 37(7): e912-e913. 
  • Mullins N, et al. 2020. Buprenorphine and naloxone versus buprenorphine for opioid use disorder in pregnancy: a cohort study. J Addict Med. 14(3):185-192. 
  • Nechanska B, et al. 2018. Neonatal outcomes after fetal exposure to methadone and buprenorphine: national registry studies from the Czech Republic and Norway. Addiction. 113(7):1286-1294. 
  • Nguyen L, et al. 2018. Treating Women with Opioid Use Disorder during Pregnancy in Appalachia: Initial Neonatal Outcomes Following Buprenorphine+Naloxone Exposure. Am J Addict. 27(2):92-96.  
  • Ordean A, Tubman-Broeren, M. 2023. Safety and efficacy of buprenorphine-naloxone in pregnancy: a systematic review of the literature. Pathophysiology. 30(1): 27-36. 
  • Piske M, et al. 2021. Opioid use disorder and perinatal outcomes. Pediatrics. 148(4):e2021050279. 
  • Preston KL, et al. 1990. Effects of sublingually given naloxone in opioid-dependent human volunteers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 25(1):27-34.  
  • Straub L, et al. 2024. Comparative Safety of In Utero Exposure to Buprenorphine Combined With Naloxone vs Buprenorphine Alone. JAMA.332(10):805-816.  
  • Wiegand SL, et al. 2016. Naloxone and Metabolites Quantification in cord Blood of Prenatally Exposed Newborns and Correlations with Maternal Concentrations. AJP Rep. 6(4)e385-e390. 
  • Zelner I, et al. 2015. Acute Poisoning During Pregnancy: Observations from the Toxicology Investigators Consortium. J Med Toxicol. 11(3):301-308. 

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