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Phenylephrine

Selected References

  • Bruckmaier R, et al. 1991. Effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists in intramammary pressure and milk flow in dairy cows. J Dairy Res. 58:411-419.
  • Cottle MKW, et al. 1982. Effects of phenylephrine and sodium salicylate on maternal and fetal cardiovascular indices and blood oxygenation in sheep. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 143:170-176.
  • Gilbert-Barness E, Drut RM. 2000. Association of sympathomimetic drugs with malformations. Vet Hum Toxicol. 42:168-171.
  • Heinonen OP, et al. 1977. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy, Littleton, Publishing Sciences Group, pp 345-356, 439, 476, 491.
  • Mohta M, et al. 2022. Neonatal outcomes following phenylephrine or norepinephrine for treatment of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension at emergency cesarean section in women with fetal compromise: a randomised controlled study. Int J of Obstet Anesthesia 49:103247.
  • Rothman KJ, et al. 1979. Exogenous hormones and other drug exposures of children with congenital heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 109:433-439.
  • Schatz M, et al. 1997. Asthma and allergy in pregnancy. Clin Perinatol. 24(2):407-432.
  • Ugen KE, Scott WJ Jr. 1987. Reduction of uterine blood flow by phenylephrine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, in the day 11 pregnant rat: relationship to potentiation of acetazolamide teratogenesis. Teratology. 36(1):133-141.
  • Yau W-P, et al. 2013. Use of decongestants during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. Am J Epidemiol. 178(2):198-208.
  • Werler MM, et al. 2003. Association of vasoconstrictive exposures with risks of gastroschisis and small intestinal atresia. Epidemiology. 14(3):349-354.
  • Werler MM, et al. 2002. Maternal medication use and risks of gastroschisis and small intestinal atresia. Am J Epidemiol. 155(1):26-31.
  • Werler MM, et al. 2004. Vasoactive exposures, vascular events, and hemifacial microsomia. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 70(6):389-395.
  • Zierler S, Rothman KJ. 1985. Congenital heart disease in relation to maternal use of Bendectin and other drugs in early pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 313:347-352

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