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Spironolactone (Aldactone®, Carospir®, Qaialdo®) 

Selected References:  

  • Bowman, J. D., Kim, H., & Bustamante, J. J. 2012. Drug‐Induced gynecomastia. Pharmacotherapy the Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 32(12), 1123–1140. 
  • Carone, L., Oxberry, S. G., Twycross, R., Charlesworth, S., Mihalyo, M., & Wilcock, A. 2016. Spironolactone. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 53(2), 288–292. 
  • de Arriba G, Sanchez-Heras M, Basterrechea MA. 2009. Gitelman syndrome during pregnancy: a therapeutic challenge. Arch Gynecol Obstet 280(5):807-809.  
  • Delgado, D., Stellwagen, L., McCune, S., Sejane, K., & Bode, L. 2023. Experience of induced lactation in a transgender woman: analysis of human milk and a suggested protocol. Breastfeeding Medicine, 18(11), 888–893.  
  • Forestiero, V., Sconfienza, E., Mulatero, P., & Monticone, S. 2022. Primary aldosteronism in pregnancy. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, 24(1), 39–48.  
  • Groves TD, Corenblum B. 1995. Spironolactone therapy during human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 172(5):1655-1656.  
  • Liszewski W, Boull C. Lack of evidence for feminization of males exposed to spironolactone in utero: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(4):1147-8. 
  • Loriaux, D. L. 1976. Spironolactone and endocrine dysfunction. Annals of Internal Medicine, 85(5), 630.  
  • Nagi, S., & Virgo, B. B. 1982. The effects of spironolactone on reproductive functions in female rats and mice.
  • Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 66(2), 221–228.  
  • Phelps, D. L., & Karim, A. 1977. Spironolactone: Relationship between Concentrations of Dethioacetylated
  • Metabolite in Human Serum and Milk. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 66(8), 1203.  
  • Pugashetti, R., & Shinkai, K. 2013. Treatment of acne vulgaris in pregnant patients. Dermatologic Therapy, 26(4), 302–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.12077.
  • Reisman, T., & Goldstein, Z. 2018. Case report: Induced lactation in a transgender woman. Transgender Health, 3(1), 24–26.  
  • Rigo J Jr, Glaz E, Papp Z/ 1986. Low or high doses of spironolactone for treatment of maternal Bartter’s syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 174(1 Pt 1):297, 1996.  
  • Spironolactone Product Label. 2022. Retrieved February 2025 from https://labeling.pfizer.com/ShowLabeling.aspx?id=12861%20.   
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2018. Spironolactone. Retrieved February 2025 from https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/012151s075lbl.pdf. 

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