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MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Vitamin A

Selected References:  

  • Ahmad MK, et al. 2010. Withania somnifera improves semen quality by regulating reproductive hormone levels and oxidative stress in seminal plasma of infertile males. Fertil Steril, 94(3), 989–996. 
  • Ali H, et al. 2017. Effect of maternal antenatal and newborn supplementation with vitamin A on cognitive development of school-aged children in rural Bangladesh: a follow-up of a placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 106(1), 77–87. 
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (n.d.). Nutrition during pregnancy. ACOG. Retrieved May 4, 2025. 
  • Beurskens LW, et al. 2013. Dietary vitamin A intake below the recommended daily intake during pregnancy and the risk of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the offspring. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol, 97(1), 60–66. 
  • Botto LD, et al. 2001. Vitamin A and cardiac outflow tract defects. Epidemiology, 12, 491–496. 
  • Chameli G & Mukherjee KL. 1988. Relationship between maternal serum vitamin A and vitamin A status of the corresponding fetuses. J Trop Pediatr, 34(6), 313–315. 
  • Christian P, et al. 2013. Effects of vitamin A and beta-carotene supplementation on birth size and length of gestation in rural Bangladesh: a cluster-randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 97(1), 188–194. 
  • Clagett-Dame M & Knutson D. 2011. Vitamin A in reproduction and development. Nutrients, 3(4), 385–428. 
  • Darling AM, et al. 2017. Vitamin A and zinc supplementation among pregnant women to prevent placental malaria: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 96(4), 826–834. 
  • Fonseca BM, et al. 2023. Retinoic acid (all-trans) presents antioxidant properties within human ovary and reduces progesterone production by human granulosa cells. Syst Biol Reprod Med, 69(2), 129–141. 
  • Hamdy AM, et al. 2013. Maternal vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy and its relation with maternal and neonatal hemoglobin concentrations among poor Egyptian families. ISRN Pediatr, 652148.  
  • Huang Y & Zheng S. 2011. The effect of vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy on anorectal malformations. J Pediatr Surg, 46(7), 1400–1405. 
  • Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. 2001. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222318/. 
  • Ishikawa Y, et al. 2016. Prenatal vitamin A supplementation associated with adverse child behavior at 3 years in a prospective birth cohort in Japan. Pediatr Int, 58(9), 855–861. 
  • Mastroiacovo P, et al. 1999. High vitamin A intake in early pregnancy and major malformations: a multicenter prospective controlled study. Teratology, 59(1), 7–11. 
  • Mills JL, et al. 1997. Vitamin A and birth defects. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 177(1), 31–36. 
  • Panth M, et al. 1990. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on haemoglobin and vitamin A levels during pregnancy. Br J Nutr, 64(2), 351–358. 
  • Pitchik HO, et al. 2018. Prenatal nutrition, stimulation, and exposure to punishment are associated with early child motor, cognitive, language, and socioemotional development in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Child Care Health Dev, 44(6), 841–849.  
  • Sakurai T, et al. 2005. Fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamin contents of breast milk from Japanese women. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 51(4), 239–247. 
  • Shaw GM, et al. 1997. Periconceptional intake of vitamin A among women and risk of neural tube defect-affected pregnancies. Teratology, 55, 132–133. 

 

 

 

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