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Zolpidem

October 1, 2022

Selected References

  • Askew J. 2007. Zolpidem addiction in pregnant woman with a history of second trimester bleeding. Pharmacotherapy. 27(2):306-308.
  • Huitfeldt A, et al. 2020. Associations of maternal use of benzodiazepines or benzodiazepine-like hypnotics during pregnancy with immediate pregnancy outcomes in Norway. JAMA Netw Open. Jun 1;3(6):e205860.
  • Grigoriadis S, et al. 2022. Hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonist exposure during pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations and other adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 146(4):312‐324.
  • Juric S, et al. 2009. Zolpidem in pregnancy: placental passage and outcome. Arch Womens Ment Health. 12:441-446.
  • Lupattelli A, et al. 2019. Association of maternal use of benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics during pregnancy with motor and communication skills and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in preschoolers. JAMA Netw Open. Apr 5;2(4):e191435.
  • Pons G, et al. 1989. Zolpidem excretion in breast milk. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 37:245-248.
  • Reichner C. 2015. Insomnia and sleep deficiency in pregnancy. Obstetric Medicine. Dec;8(4):168-71.
  • Saito J, et al. 2022. Presence of hypnotics in the cord blood and breast milk, with no adverse effects in the infant: a case report. Breastfeeding Med 17(4):349-352.
  • Wang LH, et al. 2010. Increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women receiving zolpidem during pregnancy. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 88(3):369-374.
  • Wikner BN, Kallen B. 2011. Are hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonists teratogenic in humans? Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 31(3):356-359.

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