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​​COVID-19 Vaccine, Protein Subunit (Novavax)​

May 1, 2025

Selected References: 

  • American Academy of Pediatrics. 2023. Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Available at URL: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/COVID-19/Pages/Breastfeeding-During-COVID-19.aspx 
  • Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. 2020. ABM Statement: Considerations for COVID-19 vaccination in lactation. Available at URL: https://abm.memberclicks.net/abm-statement-considerations-for-covid-19-vaccination-in-lactation 
  • Aghsami M, et al. 2024. Effect of SpikoGen subunit vaccine administration during pregnancy on fetal development of rats. Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research. 13(4): 301. 
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2024. COVID-19 vaccination considerations for obstetric-gynecologic care. Available at URL: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2020/12/covid-19-vaccination-considerations-for-obstetric-gynecologic-care 
  • American Society for Reproductive Medicine. 2022. Patient management and clinical recommendations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Available at URL: https://www.asrm.org/news-and-publications/covid-19/statements/patient-management-and-clinical-recommendations-during-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic  
  • Ciapponi A, et al. 2021. Safety of components and platforms of COVID-19 vaccines considered for use in pregnancy: a rapid review. Vaccine. 39(40): 5891-5908. 
  • Etti M, et al. 2022. Maternal vaccination: a review of current evidence and recommendations. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 226(4): 459-74. 
  • Hatami D, et al. 2024. Perinatal outcomes and sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccination during pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 24(1): 190. 
  • Novavax Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers Administering Vaccine. Revised 7/13/2022. Available at URL: https://www.fda.gov/media/159897/download   
  • Ma Y, et al. 2023. Safety and efficacy of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in women vaccinated during the first trimester of pregnancy. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 130: 196-202. 
  • Rasmussen SA, et al. 2024. Vaccines in Pregnancy: An Update on Recommendations From CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Birth defects research. 117.2: e2459. 
  • Rimmer MP, et al. 2023. The risk of miscarriage following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction. 38(5): 840-52. 
  • Shook LL, et al. 2022. Durability of anti-spike antibodies in infants after maternal COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection. JAMA 327(11):1087-89.  
  • Qiao Y. et al. 2021. Safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and postpartum women in Brazil. MedRXIV, 2021-12. 
  • Underwood E, et al. 2023. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine. Expert Review of Vaccines. 22(1): 501-17. 
  • Wang Y, et al. 2022. Receipt of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine had no adverse influence on embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy and miscarriage in early pregnancy. Sci China Life Sci. 65:2332–34. 
  • Yang C, et al. 2023. Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in peri-pregnancy period: Evaluation of safety for both pregnant women and neonates. Vaccine. 41(49): 7450-59. 
  • Zambrano LD, et al. 2020. Update: characteristics of symptomatic women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status — United States, January 22–October 3, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 69:1641–47. 

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