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MotherToBaby

Medications and More during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Selected References:

  • Abhyankar A, et al. 2013. Meta-analysis: the impact of disease activity at conception on disease activity during pregnancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 38(5):460-466.  
  • Afzali A. 2019. Update on Pregnancy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY), 15(6):313–315. Andoh A, et al. 2021. Thiopurine pharmacogenomics and pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol, 56(10):881-890
  • Avni Biron I, et al. 2023. Pregnancy Outcomes in a Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Data from a Multidisciplinary Clinic in a Tertiary Center. J Clin Med, 12(12):4120. 
  • Ban L, et al. 2014. Limited risks of major congenital anomalies in children of mothers with IBD and effects of medications. Gastroenterology, 146(1):76-84.  
  • Darmadi D, et al. 2023. Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis type) severity shows inverse correlation with semen parameter and testosterone levels. Asian J Androl, online ahead of print.  
  • Dominitz JA. 2002. Outcomes of infants born to mothers with inflammatory bowel disease: a population based cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol, 97(3):641-648.  
  • Donovan B & Spiel M. 2023. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Childbearing Adult and Newborn. Neoreviews, 24(1):10-23. 
  • Druvefors E, et al. 2022. Minor impact on fertility in men with inflammatory bowel disease: A National Cohort Study from Sweden. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 56(2):292-300. 
  • Druvefors E, et al. 2023. Female and Male Fertility after Colectomy and Reconstructive Surgery in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National Cohort Study from Sweden. J Crohns Colitis, 17(10):1631-1638. 
  • Fabisiak N, et al. 2017. Fat-soluble Vitamin Deficiencies and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol, 51(10):878-889.  
  • Friedman S, et al. 2025. The Consequences of Preterm Birth in the Children of Mothers with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 31(9):2400-2407. 
  • Hirose M, et al. 2001. Active Crohn’s disease with maternal vitamin K deficiency and fetal subdural hematoma. Obstet Gynecol, 98(5):919-921.  
  • Innocenti T, et al. 2022. Pregnancy outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease: Data from a large cohort survey. Journal of digestive diseases, 23(8-9):473–481. 
  • Kasper OO, et al. 2002. Ulcerative colitis: female fecundity before diagnosis, during disease, and after surgery compared with a population sample. Gastroenterology, 122:15-19.  
  • Killeen S, et al. 2017. Surgical management of complicated and medically refractory inflammatory bowel disease during pregnancy. Colorectal Dis, 19(2):123-138.  
  • Lee S, et al. 2018. Pregnant Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are at Increased Risk of Vitamin D Insufficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Crohn’s & colitis, 12(6):702–709. 
  • Leenhardt R, et al. 2019. Sexual health and fertility for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol, 25(36):5423-5433.  
  • Lever G, et al. 2022.  Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes for Women with IBD in an Expert IBD Antenatal Clinic. Journal of clinical medicine, 11(10):2919. 
  • Mahadevan U & Matro R. 2015. Care of the Pregnant Patient With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Obstet Gynecol, 126(2):401-412.  
  • Malhi G, et al. 2022. Risk Factors for Postpartum Disease Activity in Women With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 28(7):1090-1099. 
  • Maliszewska A, et al. 2017. Inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy. Ginekologia Polska, 88(7):398–403. 
  • Marild K, et al. 2022. Histological remission in inflammatory bowel disease and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. A nationwide study. E Clinical Medicine, 53:101722. 
  • Moens A, et al. 2020. Pregnancy outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with vedolizumab, anti-TNF or conventional therapy: results of the European CONCEIVE study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 51(1):129-138.  
  • Moffat D, et al. 2009. A population-based study of breastfeeding in inflammatory bowel disease: initiation, duration, and effect on disease in the postpartum period. The Am J of Gastroenterol, 104(10):2517-2523. 
  • Morales M, et al. 2000. Crohn’s disease as a risk factor for the outcome of pregnancy. Hepatogastroenterology, 47:1595-1598.  
  • Norgard B, et al. 2000. Birth outcomes of women with ulcerative colitis: a nationwide Danish cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol, 95(11):3165-3170.  
  • Olendzki B, et al. 2023.  Dietary Intake of Pregnant Women with and without Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States. Nutrients, 15(11):2464. 
  • O’Toole A, et al. 2015. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Increases Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci, 60(9):2750-2761. 
  • Palomba S, et al. 2014. Inflammatory bowel diseases and human reproduction: a comprehensive evidence-based review. World J Gastroenterol, 20(23):7123-7136.  
  • Pervez H, et al. 2019. The Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Pregnancy and the Fetus: A Literature Review. 11(9): e5648 
  • Restelini S, et al. 2020. Update on the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. Digestion, 8:1-16. 
  • Shmidt E, & Dubinsky MC. 2022. Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pregnancy. The American journal of gastroenterology, 117(10S), 60–68.  
  • Sousa P, et al. 2024. Navigating Reproductive Care in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review.J Crohns Colitis;18(Supplement_2):ii16-ii30. 
  • Szymańska E, et al. 2021. Reproduction and Pregnancy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease – Management and Treatment Based on Current Guidelines. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod, 50(3):101777. 
  • Talavera JIR, et al. 2021. The association between ectopic pregnancy and inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and celiac disease: A systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 47(5):1601-1609.  
  • Torres J, et al. 2023. European Crohn’s and Colitis Guidelines on Sexuality, Fertility, Pregnancy, and Lactation. J Crohns Colitis, 17(1):1-27. 
  • Vestergaard T, et al. 2023. Predictors of disease activity during pregnancy in women with inflammatory bowel disease-a Danish cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 57(3):335–344. 
  • Wolf JL. 2002. The impact of surgery for ulcerative colitis on fertility and sexual function in women. Gastroenterology, 122(1):226-227.  
  • Winter R, et al. 2016. Treatment of the Pregnant Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 22(3):733-744. 

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